TABLE 1.

Glossary.

Anoxia: the complete absence of O2.

Carbon starvation: mortality resulting from an inability to provide sufficient carbohydrate supply to metabolic processes necessary for survival.

Cytorrhysis: irreparable damage to cell walls after cellular collapse from the loss of internal positive pressure.

Die‐back: the partial loss of canopy or root biomass, without whole‐plant mortality.

Hydraulic failure: the accumulation of emboli within the sapwood past a threshold after which water transport is irrecoverable leading to dehydration and cytrorrhysis of downstream tissues.

Hypoxia: reductions in O2 below levels optimal for root physiology.

Mechanism: a system of parts working together within a process; a piece of the machinery.

Mortality: the irreversible cessation of metabolism and the associated inability to regenerate.

Process: a series of mechanisms that leads to an endpoint.

Salinity: the amount of salt dissolved in water, which can range from near zero in freshwater to >35 parts per thousand in seawater.