Table 2.
Incidence rate and all‐cause 30‐day mortality of pneumococcal meningitis before and after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2009 a
| Characteristic | Years 2004–2008 | Years 2009–2013 | Percent change after vaccination (95% confidence interval) | p‐Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence rate b (N) | ||||
| Children | 1.5 ± 0.2 (145) | 0.5 ± 0.3 (52) | −64 (−77 to −44) | <0.001 |
| Age 0–4 years | 5.1 ± 0.7 (129) | 1.5 ± 1.0 (43) | −70 (−82 to −49) | <0.001 |
| Age 5–17 years | 0.2 ± 0.1 (16) | 0.1 ± 0.0 (9) | −41 (−60 to −14) | 0.007 |
| Charlson index score 0 | 1.4 ± 0.2 (133) | 0.5 ± 0.2 (46) | −65 (−76 to −47) | <0.001 |
| Charlson index score >0 | 0.1 ± 0.0 (8) | 0.1 ± 0.0 (4) | 1 (−31 to 47) | 0.97 |
| Adult | 1.1 ± 0.1 (394) | 1.1 ± 0.1 (413) | 0 (−12 to 12) | 0.97 |
| Age 18–64 years | 0.8 ± 0.1 (230) | 0.8 ± 0.2 (231) | −3 (−23 to 23) | 0.81 |
| Age 65+ years | 2.1 ± 0.3 (164) | 2.1 ± 0.2 (182) | 0 (−13 to 14) | 0.96 |
| Charlson index score 0 | 0.7 ± 0.1 (228) | 0.7 ± 0.1 (199) | −2 (−19 to 18) | 0.82 |
| Charlson index score >0 | 0.4 ± 0.0 (139) | 0.4 ± 0.0 (134) | 3 (−6 to 13) | 0.53 |
| Community acquired | 1.0 ± 0.1 (449) | 0.8 ± 0.1 (372) | −20 (−30 to −10) | 0.001 |
| Healthcare‐facility acquired | 0.2 ± 0.0 (94) | 0.1 ± 0.0 (63) | −20 (−34 to −4) | 0.02 |
| Post‐neurosurgical | 0.0 ± 0.0 (14) | 0.1 ± 0.0 (30) | 106 (2–319) | 0.05 |
| Total | 0.9 ± 0.5 (539) | 0.8 ± 0.4 (465) | −17 (−25 to −8) | <0.001 |
| All‐cause 30‐day mortality, c % (n/N) | ||||
| Children | 4.3 (6/141) | 0.0 (0/50) | −100 (−100 to −100) | –d |
| Age 0–4 years | 4.8 (6/126) | 0.0 (0/43) | −100 (−100 to −100) | – d |
| Age 5–17 years | 0.0 (0/15) | 0.0 (0/7) | 0 (0 to 0) | –d |
| Charlson index score 0 | 4.5 (6/133) | 0 (0/46) | −100 (−100 to −100) | – d |
| Charlson index score >0 | 0.0 (0/8) | 0.0 (0/4) | 0 (0 to 0) | –d |
| Adult | 13.9 (51/367) | 11.1 (37/333) | −23 (−51 to 22) | 0.27 |
| Age 18–64 years | 10.5 (22/209) | 3.9 (7/178) | −65 (−86 to −16) | 0.02 |
| Age 65+ years | 18.3 (29/158) | 19.4 (30/155) | 7 (−39 to 88) | 0.82 |
| Charlson index score 0 | 9.2 (21/228) | 12.6 (25/199) | 42 (−23 to 262) | 0.27 |
| Charlson index score >0 | 21.6 (30/139) | 9.0 (12/134) | −64 (−83 to −27) | 0.005 |
| Community acquired | 11.2 (48/427) | 9.5 (30/315) | −17 (−49 to 34) | 0.45 |
| Healthcare‐facility acquired | 11.1 (8/72) | 11.9 (7/59) | 8 (−63 to 217) | 0.89 |
| Post‐neurosurgical | 11.1 (1/9) | 0.0 (0/9) | −100 (−100 to −100) | –d |
| Total | 11.2 (57/508) | 9.7 (37/383) | −15 (−45 to 31) | 0.45 |
a
Plus–minus values are annual means ± standard deviations.
b
Per 100,000 person‐years.
c
The comparison of 5‐year mortality rates with logistic regression was performed after exclusion of cases that underwent any neurosurgical intervention during hospital in‐time.
d
Suppressed due to few observations.