Figure 5.

Extracellular vesicles favor macrophage reprogramming during the resolution of inflammation. THP‐1 monocytes were differentiated under the PMA conditions with extracellular vesicles treatment over 72 h. Culture supernatants were then collected and proinflammatory cytokine secretion were determined by selective ELISA. Levels of IL‐6 (a), IL‐12p40 (b), IL‐12 (c), IL33 (d), IFN‐a2 (e) are significantly increased in the diseased mesentery extracellular vesicles group compared to the other groups while TNF‐a (f), TGF‐b (g), and IL‐10 (h) are significantly decreased in the diseased mesentery group. Results are mean ± SEM from four independent experiments. *p< 0.05. ELISA, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; IL‐6, interleukin 6; PMA, phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate; TNF‐a, tumor necrosis factor‐a.