TABLE 2.

Main clinical trials reported on humans for PHASE 2® preparations

Reference	Duration	Subjects	Dose of PHASE 2®	Main results	Trial type
Udani, Hardy, and Madsen (2004)	8 weeks	n = 39	1,500 mg twice a day	No significant difference in WL and triglyceride level	Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled
Udani and Singh (2007)	4 weeks	n = 25	1,000 mg twice a day	No significant difference between in WL and reducing waist size	Double‐blind, placebo controlled
Celleno, Tolaini, D'Amore, Perricone, and Preuss (2007)	4 weeks	n = 60	445 mg	Statistically significant difference in reducing BW, BMI, fat mass, adipose tissue thickness, and waist, hip, thigh circumferences. Lean body preserved	Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled
Wu, Xu, Shen, Perricone, and Preuss (2010)	8 weeks	n = 101	2,000 mg	Statistically significant in reduction in BW and waist circumference. No significant change in hip circumference	Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled
Grube et al. (2014)	12 weeks	n = 123	1,000 mg three times a day	Statistically significant difference in WL, waist circumference and BMI reduction	Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled
Grube et al. (2014)	24 weeks	n = 49	1,000 mg three times a day	73.5% of WM	Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled
Wang et al. (2020)	35 days	n = 120	2,400 mg	Statistically significant difference in BW, BMI, fat mass, adipose tissue thickness, and waist circumferences	Randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BW, body weight; WL, weight loss; WM, weight maintenance.