TABLE 1.

Current fetal surgical therapy in Japan

1. Fetal therapy covered by National Health Insurance (approved year)

Fetoscopic laser surgery for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (2012)

Thoracoamniotic shunting for fetal hydrothorax (2012)

Radiofrequency ablation for twin reversed arterial perfusion sequence (2019)

Intrauterine blood transfusion for fetal anemia (2020)

2. Fetal therapy for which clinical trials have been completed

Fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion for congenital diaphragmatic hernia

3. Fetal therapy for which feasibility and safety studies have started

Fetal cystoscopy for lower urinary tract obstruction

Fetal open surgery for meningomyelocele

Fetal aortic valvuloplasty for critical aortic stenosis