Table 2.
Life cycle stage | Extract/compound | Compound type | Structure | Target | IC50/inhibition (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attachment/Fusion | Geranium EO | – | * | ACE‐2 | 10·63%, 50 μg ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) |
Lemon EO | – | * | ACE‐2 | 24·79%, 25 μg ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) | |
Citronellol | Monoterpenoid | ACE‐2 | 57·39%, 50 μmol ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) | ||
Geraniol | Monoterpenoid | ACE‐2 | 42·00%, 50 μmol ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) | ||
Limonene | Monoterpene | ACE‐2 | 28·22%, 50 μmol ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) | ||
Neryl acetate | Monoterpenoid | ACE‐2 | 7·61%, 50 μmol ml−1 | Senthil Kumar et al. (2020) | ||
Quercetin | Flavonoid | ACE2 | 4·48 μmol l−1 | Liu et al. (2020) | ||
Polyprotein Processing | Caffeic acid | Hydroxycinnamic acid | HIV Protease | 1·5 μmol l−1 | Wang et al. (2019) | |
Ethyl Caffeate | Hydroxycinnamic acid | HIV Protease | 1 μmol l−1 | Wang et al. (2019) | ||
Isovanillin | Phenolic aldehyde | HIV Protease | 3·5 μmol l−1 | Wang et al. (2019) | ||
Corilagin | Polyphenol | HCV NS3 Protease | 3·45 μmol l−1 | Li et al. (2012) | ||
Excoecariphenol D | Polyphenol | HCV NS3 Protease | 6·93 μmol l−1 | Li et al. (2012) | ||
Shuanghuanglian | – | * | SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLPro | 0·01–0·09 μl ml−1 | Su et al. (2020) | |
Baicalin | Flavonoid | SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLPro | 6·41 μmol l−1 | Su et al. (2020) | ||
Baicalein | Flavonoid | SARS‐CoV‐2 3CLPro | 0·94 μmol l−1 | Su et al. (2020) | ||
RNA replication | Eclipta alba aqueous extract | – | * | HCV NS5B | 11 μg ml−1 | Manvar et al. (2012) |
Apigenin | Flavonoid | HCV NS5B | 175·5 μg ml−1 | Manvar et al. (2012) | ||
Luteolin | Flavonoid | HCV NS5B | 11·3 μg ml−1 | Manvar et al. (2012) | ||
Wedolactone | Coumestan | HCV NS5B | 7·7 μg ml−1 | Manvar et al. (2012) | ||
Green tea extract | – | * | SARS‐CoV‐2 NSp15 | 2·54 μg ml−1 | Hong et al. (2021) | |
Epigallocatechin gallate | Polyphenol | SARS‐CoV‐2 NSp15 | 0·74 μg ml−1 | Hong et al. (2021) | ||
Peptide AIHIILI | Peptide | 7 amino acid peptide | HIV RT | 274 nmol l−1 | Seetaha et al. (2021) | |
Peptide LIAVSTNIIFIVV | Peptide | 13 amino acid peptide | HIV RT | 236·4 nmol l−1 | Seetaha et al. (2021) |