TABLE 2.
Omnibus effect sizes and heterogeneity tests for additional outcomes
| k | g | 95% CI | Q | p | I 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | 7 | 0.11 | [−0.23, 0.45] | 17.45 | .52 | 68.20% |
| Hope | 5 | 1.70 | [−0.09, 3.49] | 22.62 | .06 | 96.25% |
| Self‐esteem | 4 | 0.02 | [−0.39, 0.43] | 3.25 | .92 | 14.66% |
| Empathy | 3 | 0.32 | [0.008, 0.64] | 2.55 | .04 | 28.18% |
Studies were modeled as random effects, k = number of studies, g = effect size (Hedges’ g; Hedges, 1981); Q = homogeneity test; p = probability value for Q statistic under H 0 (df = k − 1); I 2 = percentage of variance in effect sizes that is attributable to systematic variation.