TABLE 2.

Nosological classification of the benign and nonprogressive motor neuron diseases

Eponyms	Clinical presentation	References
Juvenile muscular atrophy of the unilateral upper extremity	Hirayama et al. in 1959 described the unilateral juvenile amyotrophy of the distal upper‐limb.	1
Juvenile nonprogressive monomelic amyotrophy (JNPMA)	Hashimoto in 1972 coined the term JNPMA because of the unilateral and nonprogressive amyotrophy of the upper limb.	38
Monomelic amyotrophy (MMA)	As the amyotrophy may involve the upper or lower limb, Gourie‐Devi et al. in 1984 labeled the term MMA.	39
Juvenile muscular atrophy of the distal upper extremity (JMADUE)	Biondi et al. in 1989 coined the term JMADUE because of the amyotrophy involved only in the distal upper limb.	4 , 40
Juvenile asymmetric segmental spinal muscular atrophy (JASSMA)	Pradhan and Gupta in 1997 labeled the term JASSMA because of the bilateral and asymmetric amyotrophy of the upper limbs.	41
Brachial monomelic amyotrophy (BMMA)	Gourie‐Devi and Nalini in 2003 labeled the term BMMA, which represents a case of HD, distinguishing it from crural MMA.	10
Distal bimelic amyotrophy	Symmetrical amyotrophy of both upper limbs distal muscles.	13
Proximal bimelic amyotrophy (PBMA) or proximo‐distal bimelic amyotrophy (PDMA)	PBMA is characterized by the bilateral amyotrophy of the shoulder girdles and arms; PDMA affects bilaterally both proximal and distal muscles of the upper limbs.	14