TABLE 1.

Serological biomarkers of extracellular matrix turnover and intestinal inflammation

Protein	Biomarker of degradation	Biomarker of formation	BM/IM	References
Type I collagen	C1M: Specific fragment of MMP‐2, ‐9, ‐13‐mediated degradation of type I collagen		IM	13
Type III collagen	C3M: Specific fragment of MMP‐9‐mediated degradation of type III collagen	PRO‐C3: Released N‐terminal pro‐peptide of type III collagen	IM	14, 15
Type IV collagen	C4M: Neo‐epitope generated by MMP‐2, ‐9, ‐12‐mediated degradation of type IV collagen C4G: Neo‐epitope generated by T‐cell granzyme‐B‐mediated degradation of type IV collagen	PRO‐C4: Internal epitope in 7s domain of type IV collagen	BM	16, 17, 18
Type VI collagen	C6Ma3: MMP‐2 and ‐9‐degraded type VI collagen (alpha chain)		BM/IM	19

Abbreviations: BM, basement membrane; IM, interstitial matrix; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.