TABLE 2.
Cohort demographic and clinical characteristics, separated by disease behaviour according to the Montreal classification
| Total (n = 101) | Montreal B1 (n = 37) | Montreal B2 (n = 27) | Montreal B3 (n = 37) | HC (n = 96) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 40.5 ± 14.7 | 38.5 ± 14.1 | 45.8 ± 18.1 | 38.6 ± 11.7 | 48.9 ± 12.2 | 0.090 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Male | 38 (37.6) | 9 (24.3) | 13 (48.1) | 16 (43.2) | 56 (58.3) | 0.102 |
| Female | 63 (62.4) | 28 (75.7) | 14 (51.9) | 21 (56.8) | 40 (41.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 5.3 | 26.6 ± 6.8 | 23.4 ± 4.7 | 24.9 ± 3.4 | — | 0.055 |
| Smoking, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 35 (34.7) | 16 (43.2) | 3 (11.1) | 16 (43.2) | 0.055 | |
| Previous | 31 (30.7) | 9 (24.3) | 12 (44.4) | 10 (27.0) | ||
| Current | 35 (34.7) | 12 (32.4) | 12 (44.4) | 11 (29.7) | ||
| Montreal classification | ||||||
| Montreal age (A) | ||||||
| A1 (≤16 years) | 16 (15.8) | 7 (18.9) | 6 (22.2) | 3 (8.1) | 0.164 | |
| A2 (17–40 years) | 67 (66.3) | 23 (62.2) | 14 (51.9) | 30 (81.1) | ||
| A3 (>40 years) | 18 (17.8) | 7 (18.9) | 7 (25.9) | 4 (10.8) | ||
| Montreal location (L), CD | ||||||
| L1 (ileal disease) | 31 (30.7) | 9 (24.3) | 14 (51.9) | 8 (21.6) | 0.221 | |
| L2 (colonic disease) | 15 (14.9) | 6 (16.2) | 2 (7.4) | 7 (18.9) | ||
| L3 (ileocolonic disease) | 54 (53.5) | 21 (56.8) | 11 (40.7) | 22 (59.5) | ||
| L4 (upper GI disease) | 7 (6.9) | 5 (13.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (5.4) | ||
| Montreal perianal disease (P), CD | 31 (30.7) | 3 (8.1) | 4 (14.8) | 24 (64.9) | — | <0.001 |
| Medicationuse, n (%) | Total | Montreal B1 | Montreal B2 | Montreal B3 | HC | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aminosalicylates | 7 (6.9) | 4 (10.8) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (2.7) | 0.387 | |
| Steroids | 37 (36.6) | 17 (45.9) | 10 (37.0) | 10 (27.0) | 0.240 | |
| Immunosuppressives | 65 (64.4) | 18 (48.6) | 20 (74.1) | 27 (73.0) | 0.043 | |
| Prior anti‐TNF‐α | 43 (42.6) | 15 (40.5) | 15 (55.6) | 13 (35.1) | 0.346 | |
| Surgical history | ||||||
| Ileocaecal resection, n (%) | 38 (37.6) | 4 (10.8) | 19 (70.4) | 15 (40.5) | <0.001 | |
| Colon resection (or partial), n (%) | 7 (6.9) | 1 (2.7) | 1 (3.7) | 5 (13.5) | 0.139 | |
| Clinical disease activity score a | Total (n = 68) | Montreal B1 (n = 28) | Montreal B2 (n = 22) | Montreal B3 (n = 18) | HC | p‐value |
| HBI | ||||||
| Remission (<5) | 24 (35.3) | 12 (42.9) | 6 (27.3) | 6 (33.3) | 0.638 | |
| Mild disease (5–7) | 17 (25.0) | 5 (17.9) | 8 (36.4) | 4 (22.2 | ||
| Moderate disease (8–16) | 24 (35.3) | 9 (32.1) | 8 (36.4) | 7 (38.9) | ||
| Severe disease (>16) | 3 (4.4) | 2 (7.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | ||
| Laboratory parameters | ||||||
| Haemoglobin (mmol/L) | 7.7 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 1.0 | 7.9 ± 0.9 | 7.6 ± 0.9 | 0.349 | |
| CRP (mg/L) | 5.0 [2.1;14.8] | 9.6 [4.2;17.8] | 2.0 [1.0;5.7] | 6.2 [3.2;15.5] | 0.003 | |
| WBC (×109/L) | 7.1 [6.9;9.8] | 8.5 [6.5;11.3] | 6.4 [4.9;9.2] | 6.8 [6.0;9.1] | 0.085 | |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 334 ± 102 | 366 ± 107 | 289 ± 82 | 337 ± 99 | 0.010 | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 106 ± 23 | 109 ± 20 | 108 ± 30 | 102 ± 20 | 0.400 | |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 66.2 ± 15.1 | 63.1 ± 13.7 | 66.4 ± 18.1 | 69.1 ± 13.8 | 0.238 | |
| Faecal calprotectin (μg/g) b | 1105 [553; 2185] | 1895 [1170; 2473] | 625 [425; 805] | 865 [400; 1490] | 0.010 | |
Note: Data are presented as proportions n with corresponding percentages (%), means ± standard deviation (SD) or medians [interquartile range, IQR] in case of continuous variables. p‐values <0.05 were considered statistically significant and are indicated in bold.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CD, Crohn's disease; CRP, C‐reactive protein; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HBI, Harvey–Bradshaw Index; HC, healthy control; TNF‐α, tumour necrosis factor alpha; WBC, white blood cell count.
Clinical disease activity scores (HBI) were available for n = 68 patients.
Faecal calprotectin levels at baseline were available for n = 38 patients (B1: n = 16; B2: n = 11; B3: n = 11).