TABLE 3.

Diagnostic accuracy of eating disorder screening questionnaires for adolescents with overweight and obesity, studies are presented in descending order of quality and then sample size

Author, year, country, setting, sample size (n), quality	Age (mean [SD] years); BMI (mean [SD] kg/m2); sex (% female); race/ethnicity a ; SES	Index test version, cut‐point, reference standard, diagnosis	Diagnostic accuracy
			PPV/NPV	Sensitivity/specificity	Other measures of diagnostic accuracy
Children's Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire and Youth Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (ChEDE‐Q and YEDE‐Q) ChEDE‐Q and YEDE‐Q are adaptations of the EDE‐Q for use in children and adolescents. Modifications include simplification of descriptive terms and addition of images and vignettes to help young people understand behaviors described in the questionnaire. Higher scores indicate greater psychopathology (Decaluwé & Braet, 2004; Goldschmidt et al., 2007).
Goldschmidt et al., 2007, USA, Online, n = 35 Quality: 10 of 10 positive ratings	Age 13.8 (1.6); BMI 35.3 (7.1); sex 71% female; race/ethnicity 51% Caucasian, 40% African American, 3% Hispanic, 6% other; SES NR	YEDE‐Q (adapted from EDE‐Q 5.2), no cut‐point specified, ChEDE 12.0, BE	1.0/.9	.57/1.0	NR
Decaluwé & Braet, 2004, Belgium, Clinical (inpatient obesity treatment), n = 139 Quality: 9 of 10 positive ratings	Age 12.8 (1.8); adjusted BMI 172.3 (25.6)%; sex 58% female; race/ethnicity NR; SES NR	ChEDE‐Q (Dutch version), cut‐point not specified, ChEDE, BE	.22/.97	.79/.68	NR
Goossens & Braet, 2010, Belgium, Clinical (inpatient weight management) and community (non‐treatment seeking), n = 235 (a total of 429 participants were recruited, 235 completed the diagnostic interview) Quality: 5 of 10 positive ratings	Age 14.3 (1.5); adjusted BMI 160.6 (29.6)%; sex 56% female; race/ethnicity NR; SES NR	ChEDE‐Q (Dutch version), cut‐point not specified, ChEDE, disordered eating behaviors	NR	NR	% concordant/non‐concordant cases Objective overeating 52.56/47.44 OBE 68.51/31.49 SBE 66.38/33.62 self‐induced vomiting 85.96/14.04 laxative/diuretic use 84.68/15.32 appetite depressant 84.26/15.74 excessive exercise 68.94/31.06
Adolescent Binge‐Eating Disorder Questionnaire (ADO‐BED) French language, 10‐item, questionnaire to assess binge‐eating behavior in adolescents with obesity. Q1–3 are yes/no questions relating to binge‐eating behavior, Q4 and 5 related to frequency of the behaviors and Q6 is a yes/no question relating to purging behavior (Chamay‐Weber et al., 2017).
Chamay‐Weber et al., 2017, Switzerland, Clinical (pediatric obesity care center), n = 94 Quality: 10 of 10 positive ratings	Age median (range) = 14 (11–18); BMI all participants >97th percentile for age and sex; sex 60% female; race/ethnicity NR; SES NR	ADO‐BED (French version), cut‐point not specified (diagnostic accuracy reported by question), SCID (BED portion of French version), BED	Q1 .31/1.0 Q2 .36/.93 Q1 or 2 .28/1.0 Q3a .43/.75 Q3b .47/.75 Q3c .35/.78 Q3d .36/1.0 Q3e .44/.87 Q4 .65/.80 Q5 .33/.73 Q6 .29/.69	Q1 1.0/.36 Q2 .86/.56 Q1 or 2 1.0/.27 Q3a .43/.75 Q3b .38/.81 Q3c .76/.38 Q3d 1.0/.21 Q3e .81/.54 Q4 .52/.87 Q5 .81/.24 Q6 .33/.65	NR
Children's Brief Binge‐Eating Questionnaire (CBBEQ) 7‐item tool based on the Children's Binge‐Eating Disorder Scale (C‐BEDS) (Shapiro et al., 2007). The first six items consist of “yes/no” questions and the seventh question asks about the onset of behavior. A cut‐off score ≥8 was used to identify individuals at risk of BED (Franklin et al., 2019).
Franklin et al., 2019, USA, Clinical (obesity clinic), n = 70 Quality: 6 of 10 positive ratings	Age 13.6 (2.7); BMI 36.9 (8.5); sex 57% female; race/ethnicity 64% Caucasian, 27% African American, 8% other; 63% Hispanic race/ethnicity; SES insurance type 67% Medicaid, 19% private insurance, 14% Children's Health Insurance Program	CBBEQ (adapted from C‐BEDS), 8, EDA (for DSM‐5 BED), BED	NR	1.0/.93	PLR .33 NLR 1.0

Abbreviations: ADO‐BED, Adolescent Binge‐Eating Disorder Questionnaire; BE, binge eating; BED, binge‐eating disorder; BMI, body mass index; CBBEQ, Children's Brief Binge‐Eating Questionnaire; C‐BEDS, Children's Binge Eating Disorder Scale; ChEDE, Children's Eating Disorder Examination; ChEDE‐Q, Children's Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire; DSM‐5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition; EDA, Eating Disorder Assessment; EDE‐Q, Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire; NLR, negative likelihood ratio; NPV, negative predictive value; NR, not reported; OBE, objective binge eating; PLR, positive likelihood ratio; PPV, positive predictive value; Q, question; SBE, subjective binge eating; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; SD, standard deviation; SES, socioeconomic status; USA, United States of America; YEDE‐Q, Youth Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire.

^a Terms used to describe race/ethnicity are those used by the authors in the original papers.