Fig. 1.

Experimental workflow for antibiotic exposure assay. Fibrin‐rich patches were freshly produced from whole blood of healthy, voluntary donors and divided into 6 mm punch biopsies. At the start of the experiment, each biopsy was inoculated with 5 × 10⁴ CFU of a Staphylococcus aureus suspension to create the IEVs. At the start and after 3 or 6 h, some IEVs were homogenized (2 mL tubes containing one glass bead and 200 μL saline, TissueLyserII, 30/s, 10 min) and plated for CFU count as a start control. Other biopsies were treated with 10× MIC concentrations of tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, or their combinations. After 24 h of treatment, the IEVs were homogenized and CFU were evaluated the next day.