TABLE 2.

Association between breastfeeding and childcare and naïve T regulatory cells over the first year

	Longitudinal naïve Treg a		6 months naïve Treg b		12 months naïve Treg b
	Mean diff. (95% CI)	p value	Mean diff. (95% CI)	p value	Mean diff. (95% CI)	p value
Breastfeeding
None, Mixed or Exclusive Breastfeeding
None	Ref.		Ref.		Ref.
Mixed	0.78 (0.19, 1.37)	.01	1.14 (−0.06, 2.35)	0.06	0.45 (−1.11, 2.01)	.57
Exclusive	0.69 (0.19, 1.37)	.03	1.20 (−0.01, 2.42)	0.05	0.58 (−0.99, 2.16)	.47
Any breastmilk feeding at 6 months	0.09 (−0.22, 0.41)	.57	0.11 (−0.23, 0.45)	0.53	−0.16 (−0.61, 0.28)	.47
Any breastmilk feeding at 12 months	−0.06 (−0.39, 0.26)	.70	−0.04 (−0.41, 0.33)	0.85	−0.09 (−0.54, 0.36)	.68
Duration exclusive breastmilk feeding (weeks)	−0.001 (−0.01, 0.01)	.81	0.0002 (0.01, 0.01)	0.97	−0.01 (−0.02, 0.008)	.44
Childcare
Duration of childcare attendance in a center (weeks) in first 12 months	0.004 (−0.01, 0.02)	.53	−0.005 (−0.02, 0.01)	0.56	0.004 (−0.02, 0.02)	.71
Duration of childcare attendance any (weeks) in first 12 months	0.003 (−0.01, 0.01)	.65	0.004 (−0.01, 0.02)	0.54	0.003 (−0.01, 0.02)	.74
Attended a formal childcare center in the first 12 months	0.44 (0.08, 0.80)	.02	0.22 (−0.26, 0.70)	0.37	0.31 (−0.29, 0.91)	.31

T Regulatory cells as a % of CD4+ cells.

^a Adjusted for gestational age and sex, serial treg cohort n = 191.

^b Adjusted for age at time point, sex, birth nTregs, birth cohort n = 463. Bold value indicate p<0.05 threshold.