TABLE 3.
Frequency of L925I and dose–response data for bifenthrin‐resistant Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 field populations (collected between 2013 and 2021)
| Population (generation) | Date of collection | n a | χ2 (df) b | Slope (SE) c | LC50 (mg L−1) d | FL 95% e | RRs | 95% CI f | Mortality (%) at 300 mg L−1 | L925I frequency (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU07‐1 g | Oct 07 | 471 | 40.9 (27) | 2.50 (0.30) | 3.0 | 2.4–3.7 | – | – | 100 | 0.1 |
| GU10‐1R h | Nov 10 | 365 | 34.1 (18) | 3.1 (0.5) | 20 000 | 17 747–26 292 | 7090 | 5444–9235 | 1 | 95.6 |
| AY09‐1R | Sept 09 | 458 | 52.6 (23) | 0.69 (0.1) | 60.0 | 30.1–123.2 | 20.1 | 10.1–39.7 | 76.7 | 42.1 |
| Ayr 16A | Jul 16 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 97.5 |
| Theodore 18A | Jan 18 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 27.7 |
| Gumlu 19A (G2) | Oct 19 | 303 | – | – | >1000 | – | >300 | – | 1.8 | 95.1 |
| Bowen 19A (G2) | Oct 19 | 518 | – | – | >1000 | – | >300 | – | 0.9 | 95.0 |
| Emerald 13B (G2) | Feb 13 | 308 | 62.9 (18) | 1.57 (0.3) | 20.6 | 9.8–33.4 | 6.9 | 4.0–11.9 | 97.4 | 0.2 |
| St George 13A (G2) | Feb 13 | 303 | 56.2 (18) | 1.39 (0.3) | 32.7 | 17.0–54.0 | 10.9 | 6.4–18.6 | 93.2 | 0.2 |
| St George 13B (G2) | Feb 13 | 269 | 22.8* (18) | 1.49 (0.2) | 21.5 | 14.9–28.6 | 7.2 | 4.9–10.5 | 98.6 | 0.3 |
| St George 13C (G2) | Feb 13 | 276 | 16.1* (18) | 1.60 (0.2) | 21.8 | 16.0–28.1 | 7.3 | 5.2–10.3 | 97.0 | 0.1 |
| Narrabri 13B (G1) i | Mar 13 | 290 | 32.4 (18) | 2.30 (0.38) | 15.7 | 10.6–21 | 5.3 | 4.4–9.2 | 100 | 2.0 |
| St George 15C (G1) | Feb 15 | 484 | 40.0 (23) | 1.45 (0.22) | 10.8 | 5.3–16.8 | 3.6 | 2.1–6.3 | 99.0 | 0.2 |
| Moree 15B (G2) | Apr 15 | 407 | 25.1* (23) | 0.99 (0.1) | 6.5 | 3.7–10.0 | 2.2 | 1.3–3.7 | 95.2 | 0.2 |
| Narrabri 15A (G2) | Apr 15 | 443 | 37.6 (23) | 1.05 (0.13) | 5.5 | 2.6–9.3 | 1.8 | 1.0–3.4 | 93.0 | 0.3 |
| Goondiwindi 16A (G2) | Mar 16 | 464 | 20.9* (23) | 1.37 (0.12) | 16.6 | 11.9–22.7 | 5.6 | 3.8–8.2 | 98.6 | 0.2 |
| Narrabri 16B (G2) | Mar 16 | 276 | 21.7* (18) | 1.62 (0.16) | 9.4 | 6.8–12.9 | 3.2 | 2.2–4.6 | 100 | 1.6 |
| Hillston 16A (G3) | Mar 16 | 424 | 35.5 (23) | 1.72 (0.19) | 4.8 | 3.4–6.7 | 1.6 | 1.1–2.3 | 98.9 | 0.1 |
| Theodore 17A (G4) i | Feb 17 | 399 | 31.8 (13) | 2.11 (0.29) | 3.8 | 2.6–5.5 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.9 | 100 | 7.0 |
| Goondiwindi 17A (G3) i | Mar 17 | 754 | 55.0 (23) | 1.42 (0.13) | 5.3 | 3.7–7.3 | 1.8 | 1.2–2.6 | 99.0 | 1.4 |
| Goondiwindi 17B | Mar 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.7 |
| Goondiwindi 17C | Mar 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.3 |
| Moree 17A | Mar 17 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 4.0 |
| Emerald 18A (G3) | Jan 18 | 378 | 21.6* (23) | 1.18 (0.09) | 7.8 | 5.6–10.7 | 2.6 | 1.8–3.9 | 98.9 | 0.5 |
| Goondiwindi 18A | Mar 18 | 416 | 35.8* (23) | 1.65 (0.18) | 12.0 | 8.1–17.4 | 4.0 | 2.7–6.1 | 98.8 | 1.3 |
| Dubbo 18A (G6) | Feb 18 | 366 | 19.3* (18) | 1.39 (0.12) | 5.6 | 4.1–7.6 | 1.9 | 1.3–2.7 | 100 | 2.1 |
| Emerald 19B | Jan 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 2.5 |
| Dalby 19A (G2) | Mar 19 | 242 | 26.9* (18) | 1.16 (0.14) | 3.4 | 2.0–5.3 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.9 | 100 | 1.3 |
| St George 19A | Mar 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 |
| St George 19B | Mar 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 |
| St George 19C (G2) | Mar 19 | 505 | 18.0* (23) | 1.37 (0.12) | 4.6 | 3.3–6.2 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.2 | 98.9 | 0.9 |
| Mungindi 19A (G1) | Mar 19 | 401 | 35.9 (23) | 1.12 (0.13) | 3.7 | 2.0–6.2 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.2 | 97.5 | 1.2 |
| Moree 19A | Mar 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.4 |
| Narrabri 19A | Mar 19 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 |
| Narrabri 19C (G1) | Mar 19 | 458 | 36.7 (23) | 1.58 (0.20) | 3.3 | 2.1–4.9 | 1.1 | 0.7–1.7 | 98.9 | 1.0 |
| Griffith 19A | Mar 19 | 466 | 29.9* (18) | 2.13 (0.2) | 8.5 | 6.7–10.9 | 2.9 | 2.1–3.9 | 100 | 1.3 |
| Dubbo 19A (G3) | Apr 19 | 350 | 22.7* (18) | 1.71 (0.16) | 6.4 | 4.8–8.4 | 2.1 | 1.5–3.0 | 100 | 1.1 |
| Emerald 20A (G1) | Dec 19 | 468 | 72.6 (23) | 0.93 (0.13) | 9.3 | 3.9–18.2 | 3.1 | 1.5–6.5 | 93.7 | 1.7 |
| Theodore 20A (G2) | Jan 20 | 662 | 57.8 (23) | 1.3 (0.13) | 9.9 | 6.3–19.9 | 3.3 | 2.1–5.2 | 97.5 | 2.0 |
| St George 20A | Mar 20 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.1 |
| St George 20C (G2) | Mar 20 | 295 | 36.4 (23) | 1.21 (0.16) | 5.3 | 2.9–8.8 | 1.8 | 1.0–3.1 | 98.1 | 1.1 |
| Goondiwindi 20A | Mar 20 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.1 |
| Goondiwindi 20C (G2) | Mar 20 | 404 | 54.8 (23) | 1.13 (0.16) | 5.1 | 2.4–9.3 | 1.7 | 0.9–3.3 | 93.1 | 1.8 |
| Moree 20C (G2) | Mar 20 | 510 | 38.4 (23) | 0.96 (0.11) | 3.8 | 1.9–6.5 | 1.3 | 0.7–2.3 | 98.1 | 0.8 |
| Narrabri 20A | Mar 20 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 |
| Narrabri 20B (G2) | Mar 20 | 433 | 30.3* (23) | 0.99 (0.08) | 9.9 | 6.5–14.3 | 3.3 | 2.1–5.2 | 94.2 | 0.9 |
| Narrabri 20C | Mar 20 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.4 |
| Dubbo 20A (G4) | Mar 20 | 557 | 55.8 (23) | 1.46 (0.18) | 5.3 | 3.2–8.2 | 1.8 | 1.1–2.9 | 98.5 | 0.9 |
| Dalby 20A (G3) | Apr 20 | 595 | 63.7 (23) | 0.98 (0.12) | 4.8 | 2.3–8.4 | 1.6 | 0.8–3.0 | 95.0 | 2.5 |
| Hillston 20A (G5) | Apr 20 | 272 | 53.8 (23) | 1.34 (0.21) | 7.9 | 3.9–14.9 | 2.7 | 1.4–5.1 | 96.3 | 3.7 |
| Emerald 21A (G2) | Dec 20 | 400 | 47.5 (23) | 0.76 (0.10) | 5.2 | 2.1–10.6 | 1.8 | 0.6–5.4 | 88.5 | 4.7 |
| Theodore 21A (G2) | Jan 21 | 363 | 24.4 (18) | 2.07 (0.21) | 3.8 | 2.9–4.8 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.7 | 100 | 1.2 |
| St George 21A | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 |
| St George 21B (G4) | Mar 21 | 466 | 39.0 (23) | 1.02 (0.10) | 8.8 | 5.1–14.1 | 3.0 | 1.8–5.0 | 89.7 | 1.1 |
| St George 21C | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.3 |
| Goondiwindi 21B (G4) | Mar 21 | 434 | 62.1 (23) | 0.85 (0.12) | 10.7 | 4.5–21.1 | 3.6 | 1.7–7.5 | 86.2 | 1.2 |
| Goondiwindi 21C | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 |
| Moree 21C (G4) | Mar 21 | 449 | 77.8 (23) | 1.1 (0.18) | 3.8 | 1.5–7.6 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.7 | 97.5 | 1.4 |
| Moree 21A | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 |
| Moree 21B | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.4 |
| Narrabri 21B | Mar 21 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 |
| Narrabri 21C (G3) | Mar 21 | 390 | 44.3 (22) | 0.96 (0.12) | 5.2 | 2.6–9.2 | 1.8 | 0.9–3.3 | 96.2 | 1.1 |
| Hillston 21A (G4) | Mar 21 | 442 | 73.1 (23) | 1.1 (0.16) | 6.6 | 2.8–12.9 | 2.2 | 1.1–4.6 | 96.6 | 1.4 |
| Griffith 21A (G4) | Mar 21 | 416 | 49.9 (23) | 1.00 (0.13) | 6.8 | 3.3–12.1 | 2.3 | 1.2–4.2 | 93.1 | 1.0 |
a
Number of individuals tested in the dose–response bioassay.
b
Chi‐square test of independence with degrees of freedom in parentheses.
c
Regression line of dose (mg L−1) against mortality.
d
Lethal concentration that kills 50% of the tested individuals.
e
95% fiducial limit of LC50 value.
f
95% confidence interval for RRs.
g
A susceptible laboratory reference population. The name represents the locality, year of collection and the order of population collected.
h
A population collected from Gumlu and selected with pyrethroids to create a pyrethroid‐resistant population.
i
Populations previously published by Hopkinson et al. 29
*
Statistically significant (p < 0.05).