TABLE 1.
Permutation importance of environmental variables according to MaxEnt models. Standard deviation of permutation importance was invariably ≤.01 across three replicates. Variables have been grouped according to three main categories (land‐use/land‐cover, topography, climate) and ordered (top to bottom) within each category according to the average permutation importance across species
| Variable | Rock ptarmigan | Water pipit | Alpine accentor | Snowfinch |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Land‐use/land‐cover | ||||
| 312 (coniferous forest) | 2.3 | 21.3 | 33.4 | 33.3 |
| 321 (natural grassland) | 13.4 | 17.2 | 3.5 | 0.8 |
| 332 (bare rocks) | 16.0 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 1.8 |
| 333 (sparsely vegetated areas) | 11.9 | 2.6 | 7.3 | 5.1 |
| 313 (mixed forest) | 0.7 | 2.9 | 2.0 | 3.9 |
| 231 (pastures) | 2.9 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 2.6 |
| 311 (broad‐leaved forest) | — | 0.8 | 1.6 | 4.0 |
| 322 (moors and heathland) | 3.8 | 0.1 | — | 1.4 |
| 324 (transitional woodland‐shrub) | — | 0.3 | 0.2 | 2.6 |
| 335 (glaciers and perpetual snow) | — | — | — | 0.6 |
| Topography | ||||
| Slope (average slope in °) | 5.3 | 8.9 | 2.4 | 11.8 |
| solar_med (summer‐spring solar radiation) | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.1 |
| Climate | ||||
| bio1 (annual mean temperature) | 40.5 | 41.0 | 31.3 | 32.0 |
| bio15 (precipitation seasonality) | 1.1 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 4.7 |
| bio7 (temperature annual range) | 1.8 | — | 2.9 | 0.2 |
| bio12 (annual precipitation) | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.3 |