TABLE 1.
Characteristics of the study participants at baseline (n = 6757)
| Variables | All | Candle use | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 6757) | <1/week (n = 1418) | 1–4/week (n = 2606) | >4/week (n = 2733) | p‐value a | |
| Follow‐up years, mean (sum) | 8.7 (46 887.9) | 8.7 (9605.7) | 8.7 (18 267.6) | 8.7 (19 014.5) | 0.146 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 2097 (31.0) | 373 (26.3) | 785 (30.1) | 939 (34.4) | <0.001 |
| Male | 4660 (69.0) | 1045 (73.7) | 1821 (69.9) | 1794 (65.6) | |
| Age (years, mean ± SD) | 54.4 ± 4.0 | 54.7 ± 3.9 | 54.3 ± 4.0 | 54.3 ± 4.0 | 0.002 |
| Obesity, n (%) | |||||
| BMI >30 kg/m2 | 1035 (15.3) | 254 (17.9) | 398 (15.3) | 383 (14.0) | 0.004 |
| BMI ≤30 kg/m2 | 5722 (84.7) | 1164 (82.1) | 2208 (84.7) | 2350 (86.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | |||||
| None | 822 (12.2) | 266 (18.8) | 259 (9.9) | 297 (10.9) | <0.001 |
| Low risk | 3379 (50.0) | 708 (49.9) | 1424 (54.6) | 1247 (45.6) | |
| Elevated risk | 1302 (19.3) | 196 (13.8) | 493 (18.9) | 613 (22.4) | |
| High risk | 1254 (18.6) | 248 (17.5) | 430 (16.5) | 576 (21.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||||
| Current | 1754 (26.0) | 396 (27.9) | 1044 (40.1) | 681 (24.9) | 0.001 |
| Former | 2684 (39.7) | 497 (35.1) | 885 (34.0) | 1143 (41.8) | |
| Never | 2319 (34.3) | 525 (37.0) | 396 (27.9) | 909 (33.3) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||||
| ≥7 h+/week | 3292 (48.7) | 671 (47.3) | 1029 (39.5) | 1413 (51.7) | <0.001 |
| 3–6 h/week | 2505 (37.1) | 508 (35.8) | 369 (14.2) | 968 (35.4) | |
| ≤2 h/week | 960 (14.2) | 239 (16.9) | 671 (47.3) | 352 (12.9) | |
| Household income (1000 DKK, mean ± SD) | 319.5 ± 238.4 | 290.8 ± 144.8 | 323.5 ± 268.3 | 330.5 ± 246.0 | <0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||||
| Widowed/divorced | 1025 (15.2) | 267 (18.8) | 367 (14.1) | 391 (14.3) | <0.001 |
| Married/registered partner | 4840 (71.6) | 818 (57.7) | 1916 (73.5) | 2106 (77.1) | |
| Single | 892 (13.2) | 333 (23.5) | 323 (12.4) | 236 (8.6) | |
| Previous history of hypertension, n (%) | |||||
| Yes | 1785 (26.4) | 399 (28.1) | 638 (24.5) | 748 (27.4) | 0.015 |
| No | 4972 (73.6) | 1019 (71.9) | 1968 (75.5) | 1985 (72.6) | |
| Previous history of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | |||||
| With | 1226 (18.1) | 265 (18.7) | 451 (17.3) | 510 (18.7) | 0.367 |
| Without | 5531 (81.9) | 1153 (81.3) | 2155 (82.7) | 2223 (81.3) | |
| Previous history of respiratory disease, n (%) | |||||
| With | 1088 (16.1) | 233 (16.4) | 411 (15.8) | 444 (16.3) | 0.832 |
| Without | 5669 (83.9) | 1185 (83.6) | 2195 (84.2) | 2289 (83.8) | |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
a
p‐value for the difference in continuous or categorical variables by candle use.