Table 1.

Sample characteristics based on BZRA prescription rates in 2000 and 2019.

	<3 BZRA prescriptions			≥3 BZRA prescriptions
Characteristic	2000	2019		2000	2019
	n = 4,690	n = 14,380		n = 2,519	n = 10,582
	%	%	p-value	%	%	p-value
Age
18–44 years	27.8	28.3	0.441	13.2	11.5	0.015
45–64 years	36.9	37.6	0.367	40.0	33.1	< 0.001
65+ years	35.2	34.1	0.099	46.8	55.4	< 0.001
Sex
Males	36.7	38.0	0.0853	32.5	33.4	0.303
Females	63.3	61.9	0.0853	67.5	66.6	0.303
(Co-)morbidity
Insomnia	5.1	14.5	< 0.001	7.4	20.7	< 0.001
Anxiety	3.1	6.8	< 0.001	5.2	10.0	< 0.001
Depression	18.6	20.2	0.032	28.0	29.3	0.218
Alcohol	2.2	3.9	< 0.001	2.7	9.0	< 0.001
Psychiatric problem, other	5.5	17.1	< 0.001	7.9	20.8	< 0.001
Neurologic	7.5	8.1	0.167	10.1	12.6	< 0.001
Dementia	0.6	1.6	< 0.001	0.7	1.9	< 0.001
Hypertension	17.0	24.1	< 0.001	27.6	37.3	< 0.001
Cancer	4.8	20.8	< 0.001	6.6	25.8	< 0.001
Back pain	28.6	39.2	< 0.001	34.0	44.6	< 0.001
Concomitant medications
Opioids	21.2	31.3	< 0.001	30.1	45.4	< 0.001
Antidepressants	25.4	28.9	< 0.001	38.4	45.6	< 0.001
Antipsychotics	8.8	6.7	< 0.001	12.7	12.2	0.349