Table 4.

Systemic Diseases and Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO)

A. Systemic conditions associated with increased risk of RVO

Hypertension

Marked elevation of red or white blood cells, or platelets

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Polycythemia vera

Thrombocythemia

Marked elevation of plasma proteins

Multiple myeloma

Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia

Rheumatologic diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic sclerosis

Vasculitis

Sarcoidosis

Syphilis

Hypoxic states

Sleep apnea

Thrombophilias

Antiphospholipid antibodies

Cryoglobulinemia

Factor V Leiden

Hyperhomocysteinemia

Protein C deficiency

Protein S deficiency

Drugs

Oral or transdermal contraceptives

Diuretics

B. Factors that increase suspicion of systemic disease

Bilateral RVO

Lack of common risk factors

Hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, dyslipidemia

Age <50 years

Symptom or sign of systemic disease