Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics stratified by the presence of CKD
| Characteristic | No CKD (n = 172) | CKD (n = 113) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables, n (%) | |||
| Age, yr, mean±SD | 68.2 ± 10.6 | 71.8 ± 10.6 | 0.005 |
| Female sex | 46 (26.7) | 49 (43.4) | 0.005 |
| Race | 0.27 | ||
| African-American | 36 (20.9) | 30 (26.5) | |
| Asian-American | 4 (2.3) | 1 (0.9) | |
| White | 112 (65.1) | 63 (55.8) | |
| Other | 20 (11.6) | 19 (16.8) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 25 (14.7) | 28 (25.0) | 0.04 |
| Clinical variables, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 148 (86.0) | 103 (91.2) | 0.27 |
| Diabetes | 72 (41.9) | 78 (69.0) | <0.001 |
| Current tobacco use | 41 (23.8) | 8 (7.1) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2, mean±SD | 26.5 ± 5.2 | 27.3 ± 5.7 | 0.17 |
| Family CVD history | 52 (30.8) | 28 (25.5) | 0.41 |
| Coronary artery disease | 92 (53.5) | 66 (58.4) | 0.49 |
| Prior MI | 42 (24.4) | 33 (29.2) | 0.45 |
| Prior stroke or TIA | 34 (19.8) | 18 (15.9) | 0.51 |
| Prior critical limb ischemia | 122 (70.9) | 101 (89.4) | <0.001 |
| Heart failure | 25 (14.5) | 30 (26.5) | 0.02 |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 157 (91.3) | 97 (85.8) | 0.21 |
| Aspirin | 142 (82.6) | 90 (79.6) | 0.64 |
| Clopidogrel | 76 (44.2) | 42 (37.2) | 0.29 |
| Statin therapy | 150 (87.2) | 82 (72.6) | 0.003 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy | 93 (54.1) | 61 (54.0) | 1 |
| Beta blocker therapy | 97 (56.4) | 74 (65.5) | 0.16 |
| Revascularization procedure type | 0.01 | ||
| Endovascular | 64 (37.2) | 53 (46.9) | |
| Hybrid | 20 (11.6) | 8 (7.1) | |
| Open | 81 (47.1) | 39 (34.5) | |
| No intervention | 7 (4.1) | 13 (11.5) |
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack.