Table 3.
Characteristics of dyslipidemic and non-dyslipidemic adolescents.
| Characteristics | Dyslipidemic N (%) |
Non-dyslipidemic N (%) |
P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (2) | 16 (3) | 0.01 |
| Mean (SD) | 15.96 (1.82) | 15.79 (1.79) | |
| Early adolescence (10–14 years) | 355 (23.8) | 1168 (26.8) | 0.02 |
| Late adolescences (15–19 years) | 1138 (76.2) | 3193 (73.2) | |
| Gender | < 0.001 | ||
| Female | 533 (35.7) | 2440 (56) | |
| Male | 960 (64.3) | 1921 (44) | |
| Chronic illness | 0.07 | ||
| No | 1390 (93.1) | 3994 (91.6) | |
| Yes | 103 (6.9) | 367 (8.4) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.07 | ||
| No | 1480 (99.1) | 4341 (99.5) | |
| Yes | 13 (0.9) | 20 (0.5) | |
| BMI | < 0.001 | ||
| Underweight | 152 (10.2) | 668 (15.3) | |
| Normal | 664 (44.5) | 2609 (59.8) | |
| Overweight | 262 (17.5) | 592 (13.6) | |
| Obese | 415 (27.8) | 492 (11.3) | |
| Systolic blood pressure | < 0.001 | ||
| Normal | 707 (47.4) | 2392 (54.8) | |
| High | 786 (52.6) | 1969 (45.2) | |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.06 | ||
| Normal | 1302 (87.2) | 3883 (89) | |
| High | 191 (12.8) | 478 (11) | |
| 1- Laboratory test | |||
| Calcium | < 0.001 | ||
| Normal | 1359 (91) | 4093 (93.9) | |
| High | 119 (8) | 223 (5.1) | |
| Low | 15 (1) | 45 (1) | |
| RBC | 0.61 | ||
| Normal | 1301 (87.1) | 3842 (88.1) | |
| High | 172 (11.5) | 467 (10.7) | |
| Low | 20 (1.3) | 52 (1.2) | |
| Hemoglobin | 0.03 | ||
| Normal | 1301 (87.1) | 3677 (84.3) | |
| High | 8 (0.5) | 29 (0.7) | |
| Low | 184 (12.3) | 655 (15) | |
| Ferritin | < 0.001 | ||
| Normal | 1297 (86.9) | 3709 (85) | |
| High | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.1) | |
| Low | 188 (12.6) | 649 (14.9) | |
| Alkaline phosphatase | 0.65 | ||
| Normal | 1187 (79.5) | 3426 (78.6) | |
| High | 292 (19.6) | 885 (20.3) | |
| Low | 14 (0.9) | 50 (1.1) | |
| Phosphate | 0.28 | ||
| Normal | 1091 (73.1) | 3094 (70.9) | |
| High | 393 (26.3) | 1241 (28.5) | |
| Low | 9 (0.6) | 26 (0.6) | |
| 2- Dietary behavior | |||
| Eating breakfast | 0.08 | ||
| No | 365 (24.4) | 1167 (26.8) | |
| Yes | 1128 (75.6) | 3194 (73.2) | |
| Main meals per day | 0.12 | ||
| No main meal | 37 (2.5) | 155 (3.6) | |
| 1–2 | 606 (40.6) | 1783 (40.9) | |
| ≥ 3 | 850 (56.9) | 2423 (55.6) | |
| Snacks per day | < 0.001 | ||
| No snack | 160 (10.7) | 329 (7.5) | |
| 1–2 | 1005 (67.3) | 2968 (68.1) | |
| ≥ 3 | 328 (22) | 1064 (24.4) | |
| Fruits per day | 0.25 | ||
| Not daily | 936 (62.7) | 2820 (64.7) | |
| 1–2 | 392 (26.3) | 1117 (25.6) | |
| ≥ 3 | 165 (11.1) | 424 (9.7) | |
| Vegetables per day | 0.90 | ||
| Not daily | 686 (45.9) | 2031 (46.6) | |
| 1–2 | 692 (46.3) | 1991 (45.7) | |
| ≥ 3 | 115 (7.7) | 339 (7.8) | |
| Carbonated beverage per day | 0.04 | ||
| No or not daily | 545 (36.5) | 1726 (39.6) | |
| ≥ 1 | 948 (63.5) | 2635 (60.4) | |
| Energy drinking per day | 0.59 | ||
| No or not daily | 1158 (77.6) | 3412 (78.2) | |
| ≥ 1 | 335 (22.4) | 949 (21.8) | |
| Milk drinking per day | 0.93 | ||
| No or not daily | 830 (55.6) | 2417 (55.4) | |
| ≥ 1 | 663 (44.4) | 1944 (44.6) | |
| Number of days eating fast-food meals per week | 0.63 | ||
| No fast-food meals | 313 (21) | 947 (21.7) | |
| 1–2 days | 706 (47.3) | 2001 (45.9) | |
| ≥ 3 | 474 (31.7) | 1413 (32.4) | |
| Diet for weight loss | 0.02 | ||
| No | 1120 (75) | 3398 (77.9) | |
| Yes | 373 (25) | 963 (2.1) | |
| 3- Activities | |||
| Days of exercising ≥ 30 min/last week | 0.07 | ||
| < 3 days | 1056 (70.7) | 3192 (73.2) | |
| ≥ 3 days | 437 (29.3) | 1169 (26.8) | |
| Daily hours spent in watching TV | 0.29 | ||
| Don’t watch or < 1 h | 507 (34) | 1416 (32.5) | |
| ≥ 1 h | 986 (66) | 2945 (67.5) | |
| Daily hours spent in playing video games | 0.01 | ||
| Don’t play or < 1 h | 1095 (73.3) | 3356 (77) | |
| ≥ 1 h | 398 (26.7) | 1005 (23) | |
| 4- Tobacco and substance use | |||
| Smoke cigarette | 0.03 | ||
| No | 1198 (80.2) | 3613 (82.8) | |
| Yes | 295 (19.8) | 748 (17.2) | |
| Smoke sheesha | 0.01 | ||
| No | 1301 (87.1) | 3911 (89.7) | |
| Yes | 192 (12.9) | 450 (10.3) | |
| Sniffed solvent | 0.02 | ||
| No | 1265 (84.7) | 3583 (82.2) | |
| Yes | 228 (15.3) | 778 (17.8) | |
| Ever smoked marijuana/hashish | 0.40 | ||
| No | 1473 (98.7) | 4314 (98.9) | |
| Yes | 20 (1.3) | 47 (1.1) | |
| Ever had Alcohol | 0.31 | ||
| No | 1468 (98.3) | 4304 (98.7) | |
| Yes | 25 (1.7) | 57 (1.3) | |
| Ever had an illicit substance (e.g. captagon or other stimulants) | 1 | ||
| No | 1470 (98.5) | 4294 (98.5) | |
| Yes | 23 (1.5) | 67 (1.5) | |
BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, min minutes, N number of participants, P P value (t-test for continuous variables and χ2 for categorical variables), RBC red blood cells count, TV television.
Significant values are in bold.