Figure 2.

Summary of the three surgery protocols applied in the study

Phase One: orthotopic anastomosis of decellularized scaffold. Phase Two: pre-implantation of scaffold in the neck in vascularizing muscle wrap with application of intra-luminal stent followed by orthotopic cervical anastomosis two weeks later. Phase Three: a single-stage anastomosis was performed with a muscle wrap and stent and concomitant gastrostomy formation.