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. 2022 Oct 7;10(1):coac062. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coac062

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Survival of hatchery-produced and wild-caught larvae across three stages, including naïve to predator (first exposure) treatment and conditioned to predator odor (second exposure) treatment. Predation trials were conducted for each replicate, one trial using larvae that were naïve to predator odor and one using larvae that were conditioned to predator odor combined with alarm cues (n = 72 trials per stage, or 216 trials total). A Chi Square test indicated the effect of stage was significant (p < 0.0001) and the effect of treatment was not significant (p = 0.051). Pairwise comparisons indicated that survival was not significantly different from stage A to stage B (p = 0.365), but decreased significantly from stage B to stage C (p = 0.003). Whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values, excluding data points (represented by dots) beyond 1.5 x the interquartile range for the upper and lower quartiles.