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. 2022 Sep 15;8(2):veac086. doi: 10.1093/ve/veac086

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© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 2. — Phage–bacteria population dynamics considering phenotypic flux in phage adsorption. Phage and bacterial numbers (PFU/ml and CFU/ml) were simulated for 5,000 h starting from an initial MOI = 1 (other parameters are given in Table S1). Population dynamics are shown for constant adsorption rate with (A) genetic (stable) resistance; (B and C) phenotypic resistance without cost and switching of bacterial cells between high- and low-adsorbable states at (B) intermediate or (C) fast rates; and (D) phenotypic resistance with intermediate switching and growth cost. (E) and (F) show genetic resistance evolution when the adsorption rate is (E) phage- or (F) phage- and bacterial density-dependent. Orange indicates susceptible cells, dashed green indicates free phages, dark blue indicates genetically resistant cells in A, E, and F; and light blue indicates phenotypically resistant cells in B–D.