Table 3.
Summary of BP estimation methods based on PTT/PAT/PWV.
| Authors | Signals | Position of sensors | Subjects | Results (mmHg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | DBP | ||||
| Viunytskyi et al. [37] | PPG, ECG | Finger, chest | 30 records | RMSE: 5.71 | RMSE: 5.13 |
| Lazazzera et al. [38] | PPG, PPG | Wrist, finger | 5 + 44 subjects | ME: -1.52 STD: 9.45 |
ME: 0.39 STD: 4.93 |
| Kim et al. [39] | PPG, PPG | Finger, finger | 21 subjects | Error rate ≈ 5% | |
| Byfield et al. [40] | PPG, PPG | Finger, finger | 26 subjects | MAE: 2.117 STD: 0.257 |
MAE: 2.935 STD: 0.721 |
| Tabei et al. [41] | PPG, PPG | Finger, finger | 6 subjects | MAE: 2.07 STD: 2.06 |
MAE: 2.12 STD: 1.85 |
| Marzorati et al. [42] | PPG, PCG | Finger, chest | 20 subjects | MAE: 3.06 | MAE: 1.83 |
| Huynh et al. [43] | PPG, IPG | Finger, wrist | 15 subjects | RMSE: 8.47 STD: 0.91 |
RMSE: 5.02 STD: 0.73 |
| Yousefian et al. [44] | PCD, BCG | Wrist, wrist | 22 subjects | MAE: 7.6 | MAE: 5.1 |