Table 1.
Demographics of the cohorts studied
| iRBD (n = 8) | Healthy control (n = 20) | p value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Clinical participants | ||||||
| Age (years) | 64.1 ± 7.2 | 66.6 ± 7.2 | 62.6 ± 6.0 | 65.2 ± 6.0 | 0.61 | 0.63 |
| Gender (M/F) | 5/3 | 7/13 | 0.18 | |||
| Follow-up time (years) | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 0.34 | |||
| Time since medical diagnosis (years) | 2.8 ± 0.5 | – | – | |||
| Time since onset of symptoms (years) | 7.9 ± 5.0 | – | – | |||
| MDS-UPDRS III score [21] | 0.4 ± 1.1 | 4.9 ± 4.5 | – | 0.002 | ||
| RBDSQ [62] | 8.8 ± 2.3 | 9.6 ± 1.8 | 0.7 ± 0.7 | 0.8 ± 0.9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| cMMSE [14] | 28.8 ± 1.2 | 28.5 ± 1.2 | 28.5 ± 1.3 | 28.7 ± 1.0 | 0.73 | 0.75 |
| MoCA [45] | – | 26.1 ± 3.1 | – | 27.1 ± 1.8 | – | 0.64 |
| SCOPA-AUT [69] | 10.1 ± 4.3 | 12.6 ± 5.5 | 3.0 ± 2.4 | 4.2 ± 4.4 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Group | Gender (M/F) | Age at death (years) | Disease duration (years) | Post-mortem delay (hours) | Braak Lewy stage (/6) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-mortem cohort | |||||
| IHC/IF | |||||
| Control | 5/5 | 77.8 ± 10.0 | – | 15.5 ± 6.4 | – |
| PD-eLP | 5/5 | 76.5 ± 5.9 | 11.6 ± 2.8 | 14.3 ± 7.6 | 4.0 ± 0.0 |
| PD-lLP | 6/4 | 79.9 ± 4.4 | 14.3 ± 7.8 | 9.5 ± 9.5 | 6.0 ± 0.0 |
| WB-GM | |||||
| Control | 3/5 | 81.4 ± 4.3 | – | 22.5 ± 9.2 | – |
| PD | 7/5 | 77.8 ± 5.5 | 12.8 ± 5.3 | 18.3 ± 12.6 | 4.8 ± 0.9 |
| WB-WM | |||||
| Control | 7/3 | 78.9 ± 10.5 | – | 23.9 ± 8. 3 | – |
| PD | 6/2 | 80.3 ± 3.4 | 13.5 ± 6.3 | 20.4 ± 11.5 | 5.6 ± 0.4 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Comparison was done with Mann–Whitney test, except for gender difference used chi-square test. PD Parkinson’s disease, iRBD idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients that converted to silent and/or prodromal motor PD, MDS-UPDRS III Movement Disorder Society Unified PD Rating Scale part III, RBDSQ REM sleep behaviour disorder screening questionnaire, cMMSE Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, SCOPA-AUT Scale for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic, WB western blot, GM grey matter, WM white matter, IHC/IF immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence, PD-eLP PD cases with early Lewy pathology (Braak stage 4), PD-lLP PD cases with late Lewy pathology (Braak stage 6)