FIGURE 1.

MCMV induces intragraft infiltration of Th17 cells co‐expressing Th1 cytokines. (A) Study design. Renal transplantation was performed between BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with cyclosporine A (CsA) subcutaneous injections given daily for posttransplant immunosuppression. On day 7, splenocytes and intragraft leukocytes were analyzed by flow cytometry. (B) Representative flow cytometry plots showing frequencies of CD4⁺IL‐17A⁺ (Th17) cells and cytokine expression profiles. (C) Frequencies of cytokine‐expressing Th17 cell subsets were compared for D−R− and D+R+ allografts. (D) Intragraft quantities of IL‐17A, IFN‐γ, and TNF‐α (picogram per gram tissue, pg/g) in D−R− and D+R+ allografts. (E) Frequencies of IL‐17A expressing CD4⁺, CD8⁺, and MHC‐II⁺ leukocytes in D−R− and D+R+ allografts. (F) Representative flow plots and frequencies of Th17 cells in D+R+ spleens (SPLN) and allografts (GRAFT). (G) Cytokine quantities (pg/g) in D+R+ spleens and allografts. All data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and analyzed by two‐sided Student's t‐test. NS, not significant (p > .05)