Table 1.

Description of the explanatory and response variables used in the fixed effect panel model.

Crops	Period	Panel districts	No. of years	Variables considered
Wheat	September to May	Alabama Arkansas Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia	41 years (1980–2020)	Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tavg (°C) Rainfall (mm) Wheat yield (Mg ha−1)
Rice	April to September	Arkansas Louisiana Mississippi Texas Virginia	41 years (1980–2020)	Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tavg (°C) Rainfall (mm) Rice yield (Mg ha−1)
Corn	March to September	Alabama Arkansas Florida Georgia Louisiana Mississippi North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Texas Virginia	41 years (1980–2020)	Tmax (°C) Tmin (°C) Tavg (°C) Rainfall (mm) Corn yield (Mg ha−1)