Table 3.
Various tests to check the stationarity in the data.
| Variables | Levin-Lin-Chu | Im-Pesaran-Shin | Fisher-type | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit root test | Unit root test | Unit root test | |||||
| Unadjusted t | Adjusted T | p value | z-t-tilde-bar | p value | Chi-sq (pm) | p value | |
| H0: Panel contains unit root | H0: All panel contain unit roots | H0: All panel contain unit roots | |||||
| H1: Panel are stationary | H1: Some panels are stationary | H1: At least one panel is stationary | |||||
| WT (min) | − 12.331 | − 8.590 | 0.00 | − 7.806 | 0.00 | 139.966 | 0.00 |
| RT (min) | − 6.8925 | − 4.853 | 0.00 | − 4.456 | 0.00 | 46.886 | 0.00 |
| CT (min) | − 9.8770 | − 6.606 | 0.00 | − 7.136 | 0.00 | 122.845 | 0.00 |
| WT (max) | − 15.165 | − 11.810 | 0.00 | − 9.175 | 0.00 | 188.179 | 0.00 |
| RT (max) | − 9.153 | − 6.783 | 0.00 | − 5.856 | 0.00 | 76.669 | 0.00 |
| CT (max) | 15.791 | − 11.738 | 0.00 | − 10.764 | 0.00 | 272.529 | 0.00 |
| WR | − 15.482 | − 10.00 | 0.00 | − 11.396 | 0.00 | 322.525 | 0.00 |
| RR | − 7.962 | − 4.828 | 0.00 | − 6.606 | 0.00 | 108.058 | 0.00 |
| CR | − 14.602 | − 9.118 | 0.00 | − 12.089 | 0.00 | 369.165 | 0.00 |
| Ln (yield wheat) | − 6.019 | − 3.133 | 0.00 | − 6.819 | 0.00 | 127.437 | 0.00 |
| Ln (yield rice) | − 2.982 | − 1.945 | 0.00 | − 1.181 | 0.10 | 10.465 | 0.23 |
| Ln (yield corn) | − 6.726 | − 3.499 | 0.00 | − 7.486 | 0.00 | 152.610 | 0.00 |
WT, RT, and CT represent the Wheat temperature, Rice temperature, and Corn temperature, respectively. WR, RR, and CR represent the Wheat rainfall, Rice rainfall, and Corn rainfall, respectively.