Skip to main content
. 2022 Oct 8;5:1074. doi: 10.1038/s42003-022-04011-6

Fig. 5. Fingolimod (FTY720) ameliorates memory and synaptic impairment in APP/PS1 mice.

Fig. 5

a Exploration time spent on the novel object in the NOR test session. Data are expressed as a discrimination index ± SEM. FTY720 treatment significantly enhances the discrimination index of the APP/PS1 mice at 9 mo. b Barnes maze performance during training days. Acquisition learning trials were performed, and the time it took to locate and enter the escape box is reported in seconds. The average performance of four trials per day is expressed as mean ± SEM. A shorter latency indicates faster spatial learning. No significant difference across trials between APP/PS1 treated and untreated was found. c Probe trial was performed on day 5 of the Barnes Maze protocol, during which the escape box was removed. The time spent in the target/escape hole is plotted ±SEM. A larger percentage of time indicates better spatial memory. FTY720 mitigated the spatial learning deficits of the APP/PS1 at 9 mo. d CA3 to CA1 synapse LTP. The four small line graphs are representative analog traces of evoked EPSPs before (light colors) and after (dark colors) high-frequency stimulation (HFS). The large plot graph is an LTP timeline. Plotted are normalized evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) slopes (Y) vs. recording time (X). The first 15 min of evoked responses were normalized and used as the baseline responses of LTP. e The magnitude of LTP was determined according to the responses between 60 and 75 min after the HFS. Data represent mean fEPSP Slope ± SEM. A rescue of LTP at the CA3-CA1 synapse in APP/PS1 mice at 9 mo is observed after chronic FTY720 treatment. f LECII to LECII synapse LTP. The four small line graphs are representative analog traces of evoked EPSPs before (light color) and after (dark color) HFS. The large plot graph is an LTP timeline. g LTP magnitude between 60 and 75 min after the HFS. Data represent mean fEPSP Slope ±SEM. FTY720 treatment rescues LTP at the LECII–LECII synapse in APP/PS1 mice at 9 mo. ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, and ∗∗∗p < 0.001. fEPSP Field excitatory post-synaptic potentials, WT Wild type.