(A) Clinical scores in mice treated daily with intraperitoneal injections of LDN193189 and SB431542 (LDN+SB) starting at day 1 post-MOG immunization. Results shown in panels A and B are a composite of two independent rounds of experiments.
(B) LDN+SB improves body weight recovery in mice shown in panel A.
(C) Representative spinal cord sections. Left panels show that meningeal and parenchymal inflammation (arrows) in spinal cord from DMSO+H2O-treated mice is absent in the LDN+SB-treated mice, 200x H&E. Middle panels show H&E stain, 100x. Right panels show convergent foci of demyelinated white matter (outlined) of spinal cord from DMSO+H2O-treated mice. Normal myelination of LDN+SB-treated mice. LFB stain, 100x.
(D, E) Phosphorylated SMAD1/5 and the EndoMT markers were assessed in the spinal cord microvessels of EAE mice at day 28 post-immunization. Two-tailed ratio paired t tests.
(F, G) Vascular permeability was measured in spinal cords by the Evans blue assay at day 14 post-immunization.
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, and ****p<0.0001. All error bars represent the SEM. Individual symbols shown in the graphs in panels E and G represent a single mouse (n=3–6).
See also Figure S10.