Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 28;19(9):660–674. doi: 10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2022.09.010

Table 3. Results of the multiple linear regression models on the association between the independent variables (NYHA class, age, sex, walking aid use) and the dependent variables (grip strengths, digital mobility outcomes).

Time Overall
model		 NYHA
class		 Age Sex Walking aid
use
n R2
adjusted		 Regression
equation
F(df, residual) 		P−value β P−value β P−value β P−value β P−value
Age in years; sex: 0 for male and 1 for female; walking aid use: 0 for none and 1 for any walking aid use; β: standardized beta coefficient per one unit of the respective variable. R2: coefficient of determination; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery; NYHA = New York Heart Association.
Hand grip strength [kg] Admission 50 0.62 F(4, 46) = 21.098 < 0.01 −0.15 0.10 −0.21 0.03 −0.68 < 0.01 −0.08 0.36
Discharge 37 0.62 F(4, 33) = 16.306 < 0.01 −0.15 0.19 −0.30 0.01 −0.55 < 0.01 −0.03 0.78
Mobility-related
activity		 Digital mobility outcome
Static balance (based
on SPPB semi-tandem
stance position test
performance)		 Area, m2/s5 Admission 45 −0.03 F(4, 41) = 0.633 0.64 −0.05 0.75 0.25 0.14 −0.04 0.81 −0.06 0.71
Discharge 41 −0.09 F(4, 37) = 0.132 0.97 −0.07 0.70 −0.01 0.96 0.12 0.52 0.00 0.98
Path, m/s2 Admission 45 0.01 F(4, 41) = 0.921 0.46 −0.28 0.09 0.11 0.49 0.10 0.52 −0.07 0.66
Discharge 41 0.09 F(4, 37) = 1.958 0.12 −0.39 0.02 0.00 1.00 −0.08 0.64 0.14 0.37
Acceleration, m/s2 Admission 45 0.00 F(4, 41) = 1.002 0.42 −0.07 0.65 0.27 0.10 −0.06 0.72 −0.15 0.34
Discharge 41 −0.08 F(4, 37) = 0.213 0.93 −0.10 0.57 0.00 1.00 0.13 0.48 −0.08 0.65
Jerk, cm/s³ Admission 45 −0.03 F(4, 41) = 0.706 0.59 −0.15 0.37 0.25 0.13 0.00 0.99 −0.03 0.84
Discharge 41 −0.06 F(4, 37) = 0.379 0.82 −0.20 0.24 0.02 0.91 0.01 0.94 0.05 0.77
Mean frequency, Hz Admission 45 −0.03 F(4, 41) = 0.721 0.58 −0.01 0.97 0.11 0.51 −0.26 0.12 0.05 0.74
Discharge 41 −0.05 F(4, 37) = 0.496 0.74 0.05 0.75 0.10 0.57 −0.23 0.20 −0.03 0.86
Sit-to-stand (based on
Timed Up and Go test
performance)		 Total duration, s Admission 21 0.06 F(4,17) = 1.339 0.30 0.11 0.64 −0.20 0.37 0.22 0.36 0.35 0.12
Discharge 25 0.25 F(4, 21) = 3.124 0.04 0.03 0.86 0.17 0.37 0.44 0.03 0.31 0.09
Total trunk flexion, ° Admission 21 0.41 F(4,17) = 4.623 0.01 −0.19 0.30 −0.15 0.40 0.48 0.02 −0.48 0.01
Discharge 25 0.02 F(4, 21) = 1.128 0.37 0.02 0.92 0.32 0.14 0.06 0.79 −0.24 0.24
Maximum trunk flexion velocity, °/s Admission 21 0.03 F(4,17) = 1.139 0.37 −0.23 0.34 0.16 0.48 0.44 0.08 −0.06 0.80
Discharge 25 −0.08 F(4, 21) = 0.522 0.72 0.03 0.90 0.28 0.23 −0.14 0.53 −0.11 0.60
Maximum trunk extension velocity, °/s Admission 21 −0.25 F(4,17) = 2.719 0.06 0.24 0.26 −0.13 0.50 0.02 0.93 −0.60 < 0.01
Discharge 25 −0.19 F(4, 21) = 2.429 0.08 0.06 0.77 −0.23 0.24 −0.01 0.69 −0.49 0.01
Walking (based on
SPPB 4-meter walk
test performance)		 Gait speed, m/s Admission 51 0.22 F(4, 47) = 4.602 < 0.01 0.19 0.16 0.07 0.59 −0.24 0.07 −0.49 < 0.01
Discharge 46 0.13 F(4, 42) = 2.648 0.05 0.04 0.79 −0.13 0.40 −0.17 0.28 −0.37 0.01
Number of steps Admission 51 −0.01 F(4, 47) =0.925 0.46 −0.22 0.14 0.02 0.89 0.13 0.40 0.19 0.19
Discharge 46 −0.01 F(4, 42) = 0.892 0.48 −0.07 0.66 0.19 0.24 0.13 0.44 0.11 0.45
Step-time, s Admission 51 0.09 F(4, 47) = 2.289 0.07 0.04 0.78 −0.22 0.13 0.01 0.96 0.33 0.02
Discharge 46 0.07 F(4, 42) = 1.864 0.14 0.02 0.88 −0.20 0.21 0.07 0.64 0.33 0.03
Step-time variability, SD (step time)/(m/s) Admission 51 −0.06 F(4, 47) = 0.286 0.89 −0.02 0.92 −0.05 0.75 −0.06 0.70 0.12 0.41
Discharge 46 −0.02 F(4, 42) = 0.777 0.55 −0.04 0.79 −0.06 0.69 0.24 0.15 0.12 0.45
Stance time/swing time ratio,
Inline graphic 		Admission 51 0.05 F(4, 47) = 1.653 0.18 −0.13 0.38 −0.07 0.64 0.10 0.48 0.33 0.02
Discharge 46 0.04 F(4, 42) = 1.526 0.21 0.00 1.00 0.05 0.77 0.14 0.40 0.30 0.05
Double support
time, s/(m/s)		 Admission 51 −0.02 F(4, 47) = 0.732 0.58 −0.03 0.85 −0.07 0.64 −0.02 0.92 0.23 0.12
Discharge 46 0.03 F(4, 42) = 1.315 0.28 0.02 0.92 −0.08 0.59 0.11 0.51 0.30 0.05
Double support time
variability, SD
(double support time)/(m/s)		 Admission 51 −0.05 F(4, 47) = 0.365 0.83 −0.04 0.78 −0.03 0.86 −0.15 0.34 0.04 0.80
Discharge 46 −0.08 F(4, 42) = 0.161 0.96 −0.06 0.73 −0.02 0.90 0.13 0.45 0.02 0.92
Asymmetry index α,
α/(m/s)		 Admission 46 −0.03 F(4, 42) = 0.705 0.59 −0.13 0.43 −0.04 0.81 −0.09 0.57 0.18 0.26
Discharge 40 0.02 F(4, 36) = 1.188 0.33 0.11 0.50 −0.03 0.86 0.24 0.18 0.15 0.36