Fig. 9.

AKG blocked PXDN/HOCL/ERK pathways in vivo and in vitro. A–E 3-Cl Tyr, p-ERK, p-AKT, SM-22α, active MMP-2 (68 kDa), BAX and BCL2 levels were analyzed by western blot (n = 4). F MCP-1, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was measured using ELISA (n = 5). G Caspase 3/7 activities were measured to analyze MOVAS apoptosis (n = 5). H Representative image and quantification of superoxide anion expression measured through DCFH-DA staining (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01