Table 2.
Comparison of Metabolic Profile, Clinical and Biochemical Variables Before and After 3 Months Crocin and Placebo Interventions
| Parameters | Crocin group (No = 21) | Placebo group (No = 19) | Between group p-value |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Before | After | After-Before | Within group p-value |
Before | After | After-Before | Within group p-value |
||
|
Data are expressed as Mean ± SD | |||||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.21 ± 3.86 | 27.02 ± 3.95 | −0.46 ± 1.25 | 0.12 | 27.26 ± 3.34 | 27.16 ± 3.44 | −0.10 ± 0.56 | 0.49 | 0.30 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 150.25 ± 18.08 | 143.13 ± 26.07 | −7.12 ± 14.95 | 0.07 | 138.20 ± 42.45 | 141.13 ± 18.71 | 2.93 ± 38.35 | 0.77 | 0.34 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 81.44 ± 16.46 | 77.19 ± 9.66 | −4.25 ± 17.02 | 0.33 | 75.33 ± 12.31 | 78.13 ± 8.87 | −2.80 ± 8.39 | 0.22 | 0.16 |
| FBS (mg/dL) | 140.52 ± 36.71 | 146.24 ± 49.62 | 5.71 ± 38.58 | 0.51 | 136.58 ± 57.17 | 159.21 ± 62.62 | 22.63 ± 54.04 | 0.08 | 0.26 |
| Serum TC (mg/dL) | 133.24 ± 29.49 | 141.81 ± 40.97 | 8.57 ± 33.22 | 0.25 | 157.89 ± 58.85 | 156.21 ± 64.61 | −1.68 ± 22.33 | 0.75 | 0.26 |
| Serum TG (mg/dL) | 157.89 ± 84.69 | 133.79 ± 43.21 | −24.10 ± 74.57 | 0.17 | 143.52 ± 63.89 | 169.33 ± 69.71 | 25.81 ± 61.48 | 0.06 | 0.03* |
| Serum HDL-C (mg/dL) | 41.62 ± 9.93 | 45.95 ± 12.28 | 4.33 ± 14.36 | 0.18 | 48.68 ± 14.61 | 52.05 ± 14.41 | 3.37 ± 15.57 | 0.36 | 0.84 |
| Serum LDL-C (mg/dL) | 64.51 ± 23.44 | 63.95 ± 33.57 | −0.56 ± 26.58 | 0.92 | 79.21 ± 53.38 | 71.89 ± 61.40 | − 7.32 ± 26.41 | 0.24 | 0.43 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 47.32 ± 27.83 | 46.65 ± 22.79 | −0.67 ± 16.79 | 0.86 | 45.06 ± 12.34 | 43.78 ± 13.01 | −1.28 ± 10.78 | 0.62 | 0.90 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.87 ± 0.67 | 7.03 ± 0.83 | 0.16 ± 0.56 | 0.22 | 7.32 ± 1.04 | 7.87 ± 1.69 | 0.48 ± 0.98 | 0.05 | 0.31 |
|
Data are expressed as Median ± IQR | |||||||||
| SCr (mg/dL) | 1.20 ± 0.40 | 1.10 ± 0.50 | 0.00 ± 0.30 | 0.41 | 1.10 ± 0.40 | 1.10 ± 0.70 | 0.00 ± 0.22 | 0.75 | 0.59 |
| ESR (mm/hr) | 17.00 ± 28.00 | 22.00 ± 11.00 | 1.00 ± 15.50 | 0.98 | 17.50 ± 18.00 | 14.50 ± 17.00 | −2.50 ± 7.75 | 0.05 | 0.15 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 5.00 ± 0.50 | 5.00 ± 1.00 | 0.00 ± 1.50 | 0.79 | 5.00 ± 0.00 | 5.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.94 |
| Urine micro albumin (mg/dL) | 185.0 ± 232.5 | 128.5 ± 287.4 | 34 ± 141.55 | 0.26 | 181.00 ± 316.80 | 141.00 ± 131.3 | 11.50 ± 248.75 | 0.98 | 0.718 |
| UACR (mg/g) | 161.00 ± 250.8 | 152.5 ± 188.8 | 10.5 ± 151 | 0.46 | 186.85 ± 240.8 | 157.5 ± 243.8 | 16 ± 143 | 0.58 | 0.98 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 61.00 ± 20.00 | 67.00 ± 36.00 | 0.00 ± 22.50 | 0.13 | 58.00 ± 39.25 | 62.00 ± 44.75 | 0.00 ± 9.75 | 0.94 | 0.47 |
| Serum TGF-β (ng/mL) | 17.10 ± 0.80 | 16.92 ± 0.85 | −0.21 ± 1.21 | 0.56 | 16.93 ± 1.98 | 17.29 ± 0.94 | 0.33 ± 2.40 | 0.35 | 0.21 |
No Number, SD Standard Deviation, BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, FBS Fasting Blood Sugar, TC Total Cholesterol, TG Triglyceride, HDL-C High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, LDL-C Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol, BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen, HbA1c Hemoglobin A1c, SCr Serum Creatinine, IQR Interquartile Range, ESR Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, CRP C-Reactive Protein, uACR Urinary Albumin-Creatinine Ratio, eGFR Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor-β; *Statistically significant (p-value < 0.05)