Figure 9.

Future multifunctional tissue adhesives. (a) Swellable microneedle adhesive mechanically interlocks with tissue: (i) physical interlocking of water-induced shape-changing microneedle penetrating tissue; (ii) reversibly water responsive; (iii) time-dependent swelling of the microneedles on insertion into an agarose hydrogel. (Reprinted from ref. [178] with permission from Springer Nature Limited.) (b) rGO-coated polyurethane–polyester fabric and rGO-loaded PDMS wearable sensor. (Reprinted from ref. [190] with permission from the American Chemical Society.) (c) Double-sided adhesive tape with polyethylene-coated paper backing. (Reprinted from ref. [49] with permission from Springer Nature Limited.) (d) (i) Vessel anastomosis; and (ii) arterial blood flow monitored by the biosensor. (Reprinted from ref. [186] with permission from Springer Nature Limited.) (e) Attachable MWCNT-based gum sensor: (i) MWCNT-loaded gum membrane; (ii) SEM of membrane cross-section; (iii) optical image of the membrane. (Reprinted from ref. [187] with permission from the American Chemical Society.) (f) Wearable self-healing electronic hydrogel sensor made from natural egg white. (Reprinted from ref. [188] with permission from the Royal Society of Chemistry)