Table 1.
Comparison of demographic features, NVC finding and the presence of autoantibodies between sarcoidosis patients, primary Raynaud’s phenomenon patients and healthy controls
| Sar, N = 26 | PRPs, N = 30 | HCS, N = 30 | p-value, [95% CI] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sar vs PRPs | Sar vs HCs | PRPs vs HCs | ||||
| Sex female, N (%) | 14 (53.8) | 17 (56.7) | 17 (56.7) | 0.71 | 0.39 | 0.78 |
| Age, mean ± SD (median, [IQR]) | 56.6 ± 12.6, (54.8, [46.2–62.7]) | 54.3 ± 14.7 (54, [42.5–67.75]) | 56.3 ± 10.9 (55, [48.5–64.9]) | 0.907, [ – 7.56, 8.49] | 0.681, [ – 8.68, 5.71] | 0.56, [ – 8.64, 4.73] |
| Body mass index, mean ± SD (median, [IQR]) | 26.2 ± 4.17 (25.8, [22.8–27.8]) | 25 ± 4.4 (24.7, [22.3–27.1]) | 25.5 ± 4.7 (25.1, [22.4–27.6]) | 0.291, [ – 1.08, 3.53] | 0.539, [ – 1.63, 3.09] | 0.667, [ – 2.81, 1.81] |
| Ex-smokers, N (%) | 11 (42.3) | 8 (26.7) | 10 (33.3) | 0.22 | 0.49 | 0.57 |
| Treatment with GC, N (%) | 21 (80.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.000001 | < 0.000001 | ∼1 |
| Treatment with immunosuppressants, N (%) | 9 (34.6) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | < 0.000001 | < 0.000001 | ∼1 |
| Treatment with anti-platelet drugs, N (%) | 4 (15.4) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (3.3) | 0.29 | 0.11 | 0.55 |
| Treatment with anticoagulants, N (%) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (6.7) | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.55 |
| Auto-antibodies, N positive patients (%) | ||||||
| ANA | 11 (42.3) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (13.3) | 0.001 | 0.015 | 0.362 |
| ENA | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ∼1 | ∼1 | ∼1 |
| NVC findings | ||||||
| Dilations N (%) | 25 (96.2) | 22 (73,0) | 13 (43.3) | 0.34 | < 0.001 | 0.02 |
| Absence (0%) | 1 (3.8) | 8 (26.7) | 17 (56.7) | |||
| > 0%, < 33% | 22 (84.6) | 17 (56.7) | 11 (36.7) | |||
| > 33%, < 66% | 3 (11.5) | 5 (16.7) | 2 (6.7) | |||
| Microhaemorrhages, N (%) | 9 (34.6) | 6 (20.0) | 5 (16.7) | 0.119 | 0.062 | 0.74 |
| Absence (0%) | 17 (65.4) | 24 (80.0) | 25 (83.3) | 0.248 (p for trend = 0.046) | ||
| > 0%, < 33% | 9 (16.7) | 6 (20.0) | 5 (16.7) | |||
| Neoangiogenesis, N (%) | 10 (38.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3,3) | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.99 |
| Absence (0%) | 1 (61.5) | 30 (100.0) | 29 (96.7) | |||
| > 0%, < 33% | 9 (34.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | |||
| > 33%, < 66% | 1(3.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Capillary number reduction, N patients (%) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.31 |
| Absence (0%) | 23 (88.5) | 29 (96.7) | 30 (100.0) | |||
| > 0%, < 33% | 3 (11.5) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Absolute capillary number, mean ± SD (median, [IQR]) | 8.26 ± 1.16 (8.4, [7.6–9]) | 9.45 ± 1.13 (10, [9, 10]) | 10.57 ± 1.01 (10.5, [10, 11]) | 0.001, [ – 1.96, – 0.62] | < 0.001, [ – 3.05, – 1.76] | 0.002, [ – 1.67, – 0.56] |
Values in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
ANA anti-nuclear antibodies, ENA extractable nuclear antigen, HC(s) healthy control(s), n number, NVC nailfold videocapillaroscopy, PRPs primary Raynaud’s phenomenon patients, SD standard deviation, Sar sarcoidosis patients