Table 2.
Means and standard deviations for the analyzed technique variables in the three tasks separated by the two identified clusters, and results for the nested repeated-measures ANOVAs with cluster main effect, task main effect, and cluster-by-task interaction effect.
| Variable | Task 1 | Task 2 | Task 3 | Cluster | Task | Interaction | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| effect | effect | effect | |||||||
| Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | pcluster | ptask | pinteraction | |
| Peak KAM (First 100 ms of stance) [Nm/kg] | 2.13 ± 0.44 | 1.28 ± 0.37 | 2.45 ± 0.50 | 1.45 ± 0.39 | 2.23 ± 0.51 | 1.42 ± 0.39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.26 |
| Foot strike angle at IC [°] | 3.5 ± 14.2 | 3.1 ± 12.0 | −3.5 ± 14.6 | −1.6 ± 13.2 | 8.5 ± 9.4 | 6.1 ± 10.1 | 0.93 | < 0.001 | 0.35 |
| Foot progression angle at IC [°] | −9.1 ± 3.0 | −7.8 ± 4.6 | −8.4 ± 6.3 | −9.9 ± 4.7 | −11.3 ± 4.0 | −10.4 ± 4.8 | 0.96 | 0.002 | 0.18 |
| Knee flexion angle at IC [°] | 24.8 ± 6.1 | 24.5 ± 6.5 | 22.7 ± 4.3 | 23.0 ± 5.5 | 24.3 ± 5.5 | 24.4 ± 8.4 | 1 | 0.016 | 0.92 |
| Knee valgus angle [°] at IC | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 5.5 ± 3.7 | 8.4 ± 3.2 | 4.8 ± 3.0 | 9.0 ± 3.6 | 5.5 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 | 0.11 | 0.60 |
| Hip abduction angle at IC [°] | 18.1 ± 3.3 | 17.1 ± 4.6 | 18.2 ± 3.4 | 17.8 ± 5.5 | 18.8 ± 4.0 | 18.8 ± 5.0 | 0.73 | 0.006 | 0.56 |
| Hip rotation angle at IC [°] | −0.7 ± 6.2 | −2.3 ± 4.8 | −1.8 ± 5.4 | −1.7 ± 5.0 | −0.3 ± 4.0 | −1.9 ± 4.8 | 0.55 | 0.72 | 0.15 |
| Trunk lateral flexion angle at IC [°] | 7.4 ± 7.2 | 8.4 ± 5.9 | 6.2 ± 6.8 | 6.4 ± 6.7 | 7.1 ± 6.2 | 8.1 ± 6.5 | 0.70 | 0.028 | 0.85 |
| Trunk rotation angle at IC [°] | −16.1 ± 11.2 | −19.1 ± 10.1 | −26.1 ± 12.3 | −20.7 ± 11.3 | −20.4 ± 9.2 | −20.7 ± 11.1 | 0.82 | 0.014 | 0.024 |
| Trunk rotation velocity at IC [°/s] | −87.7 ± 91.0 | −64.2 ± 94.2 | −90.1 ± 106.1 | −111.6 ± 114.5 | −88.6 ± 97.6 | −84.6 ± 100.5 | 0.95 | 0.008 | 0.19 |
| Horizontal CoM velocity at IC [m/s] | 2.97 ± 0.41 | 2.89 ± 0.33 | 3.37 ± 0.42 | 3.08 ± 0.28 | 3.07 ± 0.43 | 2.92 ± 0.31 | 0.09 | < 0.001 | 0.10 |
| Resultant CoM velocity at IC [m/s] | 3.49 ± 0.26 | 3.28 ± 0.29 | 3.75 ± 0.32 | 3.43 ± 0.26 | 3.55 ± 0.33 | 3.26 ± 0.26 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.33 |
| Anterior CoM velocity [m/s] | 2.75 ± 0.42 | 2.68 ± 0.33 | 3.13 ± 0.39 | 2.87 ± 0.30 | 2.87 ± 0.41 | 2.75 ± 0.31 | 0.11 | < 0.001 | 0.06 |
| Lateral CoM velocity [m/s] | 1.10 ± 0.23 | 1.03 ± 0.32 | 1.11 ± 0.31 | 1.07 ± 0.32 | 1.06 ± 0.30 | 0.95 ± 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.046 | 0.80 |
| Vertical CoM velocity [m/s] | 1.79 ± 0.32 | 1.52 ± 0.32 | 1.67 ± 0.30 | 1.49 ± 0.26 | 1.74 ± 0.28 | 1.42 ± 0.30 | 0.004 | 0.025 | 0.12 |
| Vertical GRF at peak KAM [N/kg] | 31.26 ± 5.81 | 26.20 ± 5.13 | 32.61 ± 4.95 | 26.95 ± 5.24 | 30.92 ± 5.97 | 25.52 ± 6.17 | 0.001 | 0.038 | 0.90 |
| Cut angle [°] | 70.7 ± 13.1 | 70.9 ± 14.6 | 65.2 ± 13.4 | 70.8 ± 15.2 | 58.7 ± 15.6 | 62.6 ± 13.4 | 0.44 | 0.002 | 0.29 |
| Cut width at IC [°] | 21.2 ± 3.1 | 21.0 ± 2.3 | 21.8 ± 2.9 | 21.3 ± 2.8 | 22.6 ± 3.5 | 22.9 ± 2.9 | 0.89 | < 0.001 | 0.71 |
| Contact time [s] | 0.31 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.05 | 0.30 ± 0.06 | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.29 ± 0.05 | 0.28 ± 0.04 | 0.95 | 0.002 | 0.22 |
Bold values indicate significant effects.