Table 2.

Characteristics of the Included rTMS Studies.^a

Study	Diagnosis	Sample size (active/sham)	Location (stimulation)	Frequency (Hz)	Intensity (%MT)	No. of stimuli (pulses)	Duration (days)	Evaluation	Outcomes	Results
Walther et al23	Schizophrenia	20/20	Left IFG (iTBS)	30	80	600	1	Online	TULIA	No significant effect
		20/20	Right IPL (cTBS)	30	100	801	1	Online	TULIA	Significant effects in social perception
Wölwer et al24	Schizophrenia	18/14	Left DLPFC	10	110	1,000	10	Within 12  h after stimulation	Pictures of facial affect	Significant effects in emotion recognition

Abbreviations: rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; iTBS, intermittent theta burst stimulation; TULIA, test of upper limb apraxia; IPL, inferior parietal lobe; cTBS, continuous theta burst stimulation; DLPFC, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

^a Sham stimulation was performed with a sham coil system without a magnetic field in Walther et al²³ and Wölwer et al²⁴ studies. Otherwise, these studies^23,24 used the same parameters among active and sham groups. “Significant effects in social perception” meant that stimulation enhanced the ability to assess the accuracy of performance of hand gestures.²³ “Significant effects in emotion recognition” meant that stimulation enhanced the ability to identify facial emotion based on photographs or videos.²⁴