Table 1.
Patient characteristics of the training cohort and the validation cohort.
| Characteristics | Level | Training (n = 186) | Validation (n = 80) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (%) | Female | 54 (29.0) | 25 (31.2) | 0.828 |
| Male | 132 (71.0) | 55 (68.8) | ||
| Age (%) | <59 | 89 (47.8) | 42 (52.5) | 0.574 |
| ≥59 | 97 (52.2) | 38 (47.5) | ||
| PD-L1 (%) | Negative | 91 (48.9) | 46 (57.5) | 0.079 |
| Positive | 46 (24.7) | 23 (28.7) | ||
| Unknown | 49 (26.3) | 11 (13.8) | ||
| ECOG PS (%) | 0–1 | 146 (78.5) | 66 (82.5) | 0.563 |
| 2 | 40 (21.5) | 14 (17.5) | ||
| Tumor location (%) | Body/fundus | 116 (62.4) | 49 (61.3) | 0.818 |
| Cardia | 43 (23.1) | 21 (26.2) | ||
| Pylorus | 27 (14.5) | 10 (12.5) | ||
| Differentiation (%) | Moderately/well | 84 (45.2) | 41 (51.2) | 0.436 |
| Poorly | 102 (54.8) | 39 (48.8) | ||
| Surgery (%) | No | 104 (55.9) | 37 (46.2) | 0.189 |
| Yes | 82 (44.1) | 43 (53.8) | ||
| Number of metastatic organs (%) | <2 | 64 (34.4) | 28 (35.0) | 1.000 |
| ≥2 | 122 (65.6) | 52 (65.0) | ||
| Liver metastases (%) | No | 121 (65.1) | 42 (52.5) | 0.073 |
| Yes | 65 (34.9) | 38 (47.5) | ||
| Treatment line (%) | First | 102 (54.8) | 36 (45.0) | 0.181 |
| Others | 84 (45.2) | 44 (55.0) | ||
| Treatment type (%) | Anti-PD-1 monotherapy | 9 (4.8) | 7 (8.8) | 0.309 |
| Anti-PD-1 plus anti-angiogenic therapy | 30 (16.1) | 16 (20.0) | ||
| Anti-PD-1 plus chemotherapy | 147 (79.0) | 57 (71.2) | ||
| Hemoglobin (%) | <110 | 93 (50.0) | 48 (60.0) | 0.172 |
| ≥110 | 93 (50.0) | 32 (40.0) | ||
| NLR (%) | <3.23 | 108 (58.1) | 39 (48.8) | 0.205 |
| ≥3.23 | 78 (41.9) | 41 (51.2) | ||
| PLR (%) | <139.41 | 72 (38.7) | 30 (37.5) | 0.961 |
| ≥139.41 | 114 (61.3) | 50 (62.5) | ||
| LIPI group (%) | Good LIPI | 85 (45.7) | 34 (42.5) | 0.729 |
| Intermediate/poor LIPI | 101 (54.3) | 46 (57.5) | ||
| LDH (%) | <250 | 86 (46.2) | 31 (38.8) | 0.321 |
| ≥250 | 100 (53.8) | 49 (61.3) | ||
| Baseline CEA (%) | <5 | 97 (52.2) | 36 (45.0) | 0.349 |
| ≥5 | 89 (47.8) | 44 (55.0) | ||
| Baseline CA 19-9 (%) | <37 | 103 (55.4) | 47 (58.8) | 0.708 |
| ≥37 | 83 (44.6) | 33 (41.2) | ||
| MLR (%) | <0.38 | 104 (55.9) | 43 (53.8) | 0.848 |
| ≥0.38 | 82 (44.1) | 37 (46.2) |
ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; LIPI, lung immune prognostic index; CA 19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MLR, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio.