Figure 2.

Schematic representation of the different approaches for producing monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma technology allows the production of murine antibodies which can be modified to generate chimeric or humanized antibodies (shown at left); The procedure of obtaining human antibodies using genetically engineered mice with human immunoglobulin genes (shown at right); The central part of the figure shows the different antibody libraries (naïve, immune, and synthetic) which can be constructed from different sources (human, mouse, rabbit, camelid, or shark). The antibodies that are part of the libraries can be presented in different formats (IgG, VHH, IgNAR, Fab, scFv, or sdAb) and their screening is performed using different display technologies (phage, yeast, ribosome, or cell display).