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. 2022 Sep 26;9:948488. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948488

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Copyright © 2022 Savino, Durães, Maldonado-Galdeano, Perdigon, Mendes-da-Cruz and Cuervo.

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Cytokine producing cells in thymus of undernourished mice. (A) Thymic cells from undernourished mice exhibited a significant reduced production of IL-2, IL-6, and IL-4 (red arrows) and a significant increased production of TNF-α, and IL-10 (green arrows). (B) Thymic cells from renourished mice fed with probiotic fermented milk showed a significant increase in the production of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10 (green arrows) and reduction of TNF-α (red arrow). Cytokine production was detected by indirect immunofluorescence assays. Figure created with BioRender.com, based on data from Maldonado Galdeano et al. (30).