Table 3.

Intraoperative data and surgical effectiveness in the OS and LS groups.

Variables	OS group (n = 32)	LS group (n = 16)	P value
Operative time (mean ± SD, min)	407.97 ± 76.06	489.69 ± 79.17	0.001
Blood loss [median (q1-q3), mL]	600(400-800)	300(200-400)	0.012
Intraoperative blood transfusion, n (%)	24(75)	8(50)	0.083
Hepatectomy			0.838
Left hemihepatectomy + hepatectomy, n (%)	17 (53.12)	13 (56.25)
Right hemihepatectomy + hepatectomy, n (%)	15 (46.88)	6 (43.75)
Resection margin, n (%)			0.867*
R0	28 (87.5)	15 (93.75)
R1	4 (12.5)	1 (6.25)
Vascular resection and reconstruction, n (%)	2 (6.25)	1 (6.25)	0.527*
Complications, n (%)
Clavien-Dindo grade < 3	25 (78.12)	14(87.5)	0.695*
Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ 3	7(21.88)	2(12.5)
Incision infection	1 (3.12)	1 (6.25)	0.798*
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000*
Intra-abdominal hemorrhage	1(3.13)	0 (0)	0.721*
Delayed gastric emptying	2 (6.25)	1 (6.25)	0.527*
Pleural effusion	3 (9.38)	1 (6.25)	0.854*
Ascites	2 (6.25)	1 (6.25)	0.527*
Pulmonary infection	3 (9.38)	2 (12.5)	0.867*
Abdominal infection	2 (6.25)	1 (6.25)	0.527*
Liver failure	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000*
Bile leakage	0 (0)	0 (0)	1.000*
Post-operative hospital stay [median (q1-q3),day]	14(11.25-21.25)	11.5(10.00-17.75)	0.254*
30-day readmission rate, n (%)	4 (12.5)	1 (6.25)	0.867*
90-day mortality rate, n (%)	1 (3.12)	0 (0)	0.721*
Hospitalization expenses [median (q1-q3),RMB]	95697(80306.25-117588.33)	105170(98160.05-119130)	0.213

Data are presented as standard deviation (mean ± SD) or as number (percentage). * Fisher’s exact test. OS, open surgery; LS, laparoscopic surgery.