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. 2022 Oct 10;25(11):105319. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105319

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Distinct metabolic reprogramming during monocyte to macrophage transition in mild versus severe COVID-19

(A) Metabolic pathway activities of CD14⁺ monocyte (PBMC-MCs) or CD14⁺ macrophage (BALF-MCs) from PBMCs or BALF of paired patients with mild (n = 2) and severe (n = 5) COVID-19. Statistically non-significant values (random permutation test p > 0.05) were shown as blank.

(B) Distribution of pathway activities in PBMC-MCs and BALF-MCs.

(C) Heatmap shows expression of 1,526 metabolic genes in PBMC-MCs and BALF-MCs from different groups.

(D and E) Trajectory (D) and inference (E) of pseudo time ordering of PBMC-MCs and paired BALF-MCs from mild patients visualized in the DDRTree-based reduced dimensional space.

(F) Pearson correlation plot of metabolic scores and pseudo time in PBMC-MCs and paired BALF-MCs from patients with mild COVID-19.

(G–I) Trajectory (G), inference of pseudo time ordering (H) and Pearson correlation analysis (I) of PBMC-MCs and paired BALF-MCs from patients with severe COVID-19.