Table 1.

Modified PARE (Preparation, Action, Reflection, Evaluation) Curricula Planning Approach

PARE Model(43)	Approaches	Description
Preparation	Classroom didactics or self-directed learning, and case-based learning	Learner assessment, including knowledge of pre-requisites (see Box 2) Define principles of community engagement Describe community engagement approaches or strategies, distinguishing between service and co-learning, and describe components, including community advisory boards and their roles and limitations in community engagement Community assessment processes and tools and stakeholder and asset mapping processes Understand community-engaged research. Describe the benefits of community engagement for learners, institutions or organizations, and community Describe outcome measures for community engagement and identify measures of community impact Describe good practices, benefits, harms, and pitfalls of community engagement Identify and use case studies, reflective exercises and facilitated discussions Describe key organizational capabilities needed for community engagement
Action Requires faculty/mentor versed in the principles and practice of community engagement and community-engaged research	Discipline-based model	Learners have a presence in the community throughout the learning period
	Problem-based model	Learner with faculty mentor does a community assessment to understand community and priorities
	Capstone course model	In education programs, perform a synthesis of learner’s knowledge, typically during the program’s terminal year (i.e., master’s program). This should draw on the cumulative course work and community activities.
	Community engagement internship model	Learner engages in a designated community during dedicated times of the week. Focus on learning how to enhance community capability with an expectation that both the community and learner benefit.
	Community-engaged research model	Learn community engaged research approaches and toolkits on how to collaborate with community in research. Learn inclusive research practices such as inclusive participation in clinical studies.
Reflection	Regularly reflect on experiences	Create self-awareness by drawing on learning objectives and guided by relevant theoretical, methodological, and practical applications
Evaluation	Modified New World Kirkpatrick Model(14)	Evaluate learners, faculty and community members on the experiences in domains of Reaction, Learning, Behavior or application, Results, and Systems-based outcomes