. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 10.

Published in final edited form as: Calcif Tissue Int. 2022 Jun 4;111(3):267–278. doi: 10.1007/s00223-022-00993-x

Table 2.

Serum biochemical profile of the participants according the mean hemoglobin A1c at − 12 month

Biochemical feature	Group 1 no T2DM (n = 91)	Group 2 A1c ≤ 7% (n = 26)	Group 3 A1c > 7% (n = 52)	Significance (p)
Testosterone (ng/mL)	314.1 ± 113.4	269.9 ± 124.7	271.7 ± 73.9^a	0.03
Estradiol (pg/mL)	28.0 ± 10.0	24.4 ± 11.9	25.3 ± 11.2	0.19
Free Testosterone (nmol/L)	35.33 ± 12.1	36.36 ± 13.2	40.37 ± 15.6	0.12
Free estradiol (pmol/nmol)	3.47 ± 1.9	3.36 ± 1.3	4.07 ± 2.1	0.15
SHBG (nmol/L)	33.1 ± 12.8	26.8 ± 7.9^a	25.9 ± 1 0.6^a	< 0.001
OCN (ng/mL)	6.2 ± 2.4	5.1 ± 2.2	4.4 ± 2.6^a	< 0.001
CTx (ng/mL)	0.29 ± 0.13	0.28 ± 0.17	0.26 ± 0.15^a,b	0.001
Sclerostin (pmol/L)	0.64 ± 0.19	0.65 ± 0.17	0.67 ± 0.17	0.79
PTH (pg/mL)	61.9 ± 31.6	55.0 ± 22.9	52.1 ± 26.0	0.15
25OHD (ng/mL)	24.3 ± 9.9	22.7 ± 8.3	28.4 ± 14.0^a,b	0.05

Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Bolded p values are statistically significant. − 12 Month: 12 months prior to study enrollment

OCN osteocalcin, CTx C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin; PTH parathyroid hormone, 25OHD 25-hydroxy vitamin D.

Post-hoc analyses, indicating that the value is:

^a)

p < 0.05 compared to group 1, and

^b)

p < 0.05 compared to group 2