Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies (n = 26)
| Author | Country/setting | Design | Participants | Intervention (n/mean age) | Duration (frequency)c | Control (n/mean age) | Knowledge as a primary outcome | Secondary outcome | Application of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adamuz et al. [17] | Spain/hospital | RCT | CAP participants | Individualized education (102/65.00a) | 30 (2) | Conventional information (105/72.00a) | Yes | Additional healthcare visits and rehospitalization | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Azar et al. [18] | Iran/hospital | QE | DM participants | Self-management education (43/56.65) | 45–60 (8) | Routine care, training (43/55.09) | Yes | Quality of life | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Barasheh et al. [19] | Iran/health center | QE | Type 2 DM participants | Self-care education (55/48.74) | 60 (4) | Routine care and training (55/79.89) | Yes | Self-care behavior | Planning |
| Bazpour et al. [20] | Iran/hospital | RCT | Beta-thalassemia participants | Lifestyle education (32/18.30) | 45–60 (6) | NS (32/17.84) | Yes | Lifestyle | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Bridges et al. [21] | USA/university | QE | College students | Suicide Prevention and Awareness for Depression program (329/20.54) | NS (4) | Depression awareness | Planning, implementation, evaluation | ||
| Cannick et al. [22, 23] | USA/university | RCT | Dental students | Education for oral cancer prevention and detection (52/24.35b) | 120 (1) | Usual instruction (52/24.35b) | Yes | Competency | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Chabot et al. [24] | Canada/community pharmacies | QE | HTN participants | Pharmacist intervention (41/68.00) | 120 (1) | NS (59/63.00) | Blood pressure | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Chiang et al. [25] | Taiwan/hospital | RCT | Parents of asthmatic children | Self-management education (33/NS) | NS (1) | Regular outpatient asthma education (35/NS) | Yes | Self-management | Planning |
| Cole & Horacek [26] | USA/military installation | RCT | Military spouses | Intuitive eating program (18/37.50) | 60 (10) | NS (14/37.00) | Intuitive eating attitude | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Didehvar et al. [27] | Iran/hospital | QE | Nurses and midwives | Stress management training (62/30.76) | 240 (2) | Job stress | Planning | ||
| Gary et al. [28] | USA/hospital | RCT | Type 2 DM participants |
1. NCM and usual care (38/59.00) 2. CHW and usual care (41/59.00) 3. NCM/CHW and usual care (36/60.00) |
2 yearsd | Usual care (34/57.00) | HbA1c | Planning | |
| Kaewchin et al. [29] | Thailand/school | RCT | Overweight and obese students | Behavioral modification (40/NS) | 45 (12) | NS (40/ NS) | Health literacy and behavioral modification | Planning, implementation | |
| Kattelmann et al. [30] | USA/university | RCT | College Student | Web-delivered intervention (824/19.40) | NS (21) | Delayed intervention (815/19.30) | Weight, BMI, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, and perceived stress | Planning | |
| Khortwong & Kaewkungwal [31] | Thailand/hospital | QE | TB participants | Health education (50/29.16) | 20–30 (12) | Routine treatment (50/28.08) | Compliance and quality of life | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Kim et al. [32] | Peru/school | QE | Students | Mental health education (760/NS) | 9 monthsd | NS (746/NS) | Mental health-related risk behaviors and suicide attempts | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Lacaille, et al. [33] | Canada/hospital | QE | IA participants | Self-management program (19/51.00) | 180 (5) | Self-efficacy | Planning | ||
| Lin et al. [34] | China/hospital | QE | OR nurses | OBE management program (87) | 120–180 (3) | Attitudes, and behavior for OBE prevention | Planning, implementation, evaluation | ||
| Mazloomymahmoodabad, et al. [35] | Iran/health center | QE | Older adults | Healthy behavior education (64/65.80) | 9 monthsd | NS (64/67.80) | Yes | Quality of life | Planning |
| Moshki et al. [7] | Iran/health center | QE | High-risk participants of type 2 DM | Preventive behavior education (82/37.50) | 90 (1) | NS (82/38.59) | Yes | Preventive behavior | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Moshki et al. [36] | Iran/health center | RCT | Menopausal women | Self-efficacy and self-acceptance education (40/52.60) | 120 (4) | Booklet (40/50.80) | Yes | Self-efficacy and self-acceptance | Planning, implementation |
| Ngowi et al. [37] | Tanzania/district | RCT | Pig farmers | Infection control education (393/33.00a) | NS (1) | NS (434/32.00a) | Incidence rate of porcine cysticercosis | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Ranjbaran et al. [38] | Iran/hospital | RCT | CABG participants | Education for cardiac rehabilitation (50/59.30) | 45–60 (8) | Exercise and lifestyle training (50/59.50) | Yes | Poor sleep quality | Planning |
| Sezgin & Esin [39] | Turkey/hospital | QE | ICU nurses | Ergonomic risk management education (35/27.00b) | 2 weeksd | NS (37/27.00b) | Musculoskeletal symptoms | Planning, implementation, evaluation | |
| Syakurah et al. [40] | Indonesia/university | QE | Medical students | Family health promotion education (244/NS) | 5 weeksd | Self -assessment on activities | Planning, implementation, evaluation | ||
| Pournaghash-Tehrani & Etemadi [41] | Iran/hospital | RCT | CABG with ED participants | Sex education (55/59.30b) | NS (8) | Regular training (55/59.30b) | Yes | Quality of life | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
| Walsh et al. [42] | USA/vocational training program site | QE | Low-income young adults | Healthy lifestyle intervention (89/20.00b) | 10 weeksd | No intervention (76/20.00b) | Physical activity and eating behavior | Planning, implementation, evaluation |
BMI Body mass index, CABG Coronary artery bypass graft, CAP Community-acquired pneumonia, CHW Community health worker, DM Diabetes mellitus, ED Erectile dysfunction, HTN Hypertension, IA Inflammatory arthritis, ICU Intensive care unit, NCM Nurse case manager, NS Not specified, OBE Occupational blood-borne pathogen exposure, OR Operating room, RCT Randomized controlled trial, TB Tuberculosis, QA Quality assessment, QE Quasi-experimental study
aMedian age
bAge of all participants
cDuration refers to the number of minutes per session, and frequency refers to the total number of sessions
dTotal period of the intervention