Sucato 1999.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: retrospective Unit of randomization: hips
Participants	Location/Setting: single; Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, USA Sample size: 112 babies (192 hips, 80 bilateral) Sex: 92 girls, 20 boys Mean age: 12.7 days (range 12‐30 days) Graf: Pavlik, 14% type I, 67.4% type IIa, 11.6% type IIc, 2.3% type IId, 4.7% type III; control; 30.9% type I, 58.4% type IIa, 8.1% type IIc, 2% type IId, 1% type III. Inclusion criteria: neonate < 1 month old, whose physical examination was recorded as normal and an abnormal ultrasound performed on the same visit. "Considered abnormal if at least one of the following: alpha angle < 60 degrees, b) Graf classification IIa worse, c) convex acetabulum, d) cover of femoral head < 50% in the nonstress view, and/or e) < 40% in stress view" Exclusion criteria: evidence of instability, subluxation or dislocation on the physical examination of the hip
Interventions	Intervention (sample size): Pavlik, chosen at the discretion of the treating physician (n = 43 hips) Control (sample size): no treatment (n=149 hips)
Outcomes	Primary outcome(s): measurement of acetabular index Secondary outcome(s): none Timing of outcome assessment: follow‐up range 3‐50 months
Notes	Study start date: 1993 Study end date: 1996 Funding source: not stated Conflicts of interest: not stated Comment(s): none