| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Atar 1993 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Avci 2000 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Breitenfelder 1982 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Brien 2000 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Burger 1990 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Burgess 2017 | Only babies that had deferred treatment. There is no comparison group of early splinting and no ultrasound. |
| Burian 2010 | Pavlik harness not used for the treatment of dislocated hip ‐ used as an adjunct to late treatment after reduction occurred |
| Chaitow 1984 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Cook 2019 | Only babies that had deferred treatment. There is no comparison group of early splinting and no ultrasound. |
| Cuny 1982 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| De Pellegrin 2019 | Aim was age of diagnosis |
| Dunn 1985 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Elbourne 2002 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Heikkilä 1984 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Heikkilä 1988 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Hinderaker 1992 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Hines 2019 | Comparing splint times |
| Iwasaki 1987 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Kruczyński 1990 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Lempicki 1989 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Ligier 1984 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| McKibbin 1988 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Morino 1998 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Neal 2019 | Comparing splint times |
| Pap 2006 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Poul 1991 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Sahlstrand 1985 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Suzuki 2000 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Theodorou 1989 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Tredwell 1981 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Visser 1985 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Watanabe 1986 | No ultrasound for diagnosis or follow‐up |
| Yu 2017 | Compares splinted babies with DDH to healthy controls, so not comparing splinted DDH with unsplinted DDH |
| Zgoda 2010 | Compares splinted babies with DDH to healthy controls, so not comparing splinted DDH with unsplinted DDH |
| Zídka 2019 | Babies were excluded from the study if they failed on the harness at only 2 weeks |
DDH: developmental dysplasia of the hip