Table 2. Example specific credibility-related considerations for simulation studies that use a virtual cohort of patient-specific models.

Acronyms: UQ–uncertainty quantification; QOI–quantity of interest; COU–context of use; BZ–border zone.

#	Credibility assessment activity	PSM feature	Specific PSM-VC consideration
1	Verification		Is discretization error sufficiently small across all patients in cohort?
2	Validation		If validation involves only a subset of the virtual patients, how representative are validation subjects to the rest of cohort?
3	Validation		If the validation QOI differs from the COU QOI, how relevant is the validation QOI to the COU QOI?
4	UQ–personalized parameters	Heart shape	Are the study conclusions insensitive to the potential errors in heart shape specification in the virtual cohort?
5	UQ–personalized parameters	BZ and scar	Are the study conclusions insensitive to the potential errors in BZ/scar in the virtual cohort?
6	UQ–personalized parameters	Fibers	Are the study conclusions insensitive to potential error in fiber specification between rule-based fibers and true patient fibers?
7	UQ–personalized parameters	Cell model	For personalized cell model parameters—are the study conclusions insensitive to uncertainty in these parameters?
8	UQ–non-personalized parameters	Conductivity	If a fixed (not personalized) conductivity is used–are the study conclusions insensitive to population variability or other uncertainties in conductivity?
9	UQ–non-personalized parameters	Cell model	For fixed (not personalized) cell model parameters–are the study conclusions insensitive to population variability or other uncertainties in these parameters?