Table 4. Effect of study medications and patient characteristics on COVID-19 outcomes: Analysis limited to patients with history of adverse reactions to study medications.
| a. Patients with Current or Past Statin Use | ||||||||
| Hospitalization | ICU admission | Intubation | Death | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Current statin use | 0.92 (0.708, 1.196) | 0.5347 | 0.786 (0.551, 1.121) | 0.1835 | 0.864 (0.509, 1.467) | 0.5874 | 0.797 (0.536, 1.187) | 0.2647 |
| Current RAASi use | 0.95 (0.828, 1.09) | 0.4645 | 0.968 (0.792, 1.184) | 0.7552 | 0.962 (0.728, 1.27) | 0.7838 | 0.792 (0.625, 1.004) | 0.0541 |
| Current aspirin use | 1.265 (1.067, 1.5) | 0.0067 | 1.16 (0.909, 1.479) | 0.2323 | 1.038 (0.738, 1.461) | 0.8292 | 1.183 (0.896, 1.562) | 0.2359 |
| Current metformin use | 1.176 (0.964, 1.435) | 0.1095 | 1.173 (0.89, 1.546) | 0.2566 | 1.3 (0.894, 1.89) | 0.1691 | 0.69 (0.486, 0.978) | 0.0373 |
| Age | 1.035 (1.027, 1.042) | < .0001 | 1.019 (1.009, 1.03) | 0.0004 | 1.015 (1, 1.03) | 0.0484 | 1.078 (1.064, 1.092) | < .0001 |
| Female | 0.797 (0.693, 0.916) | 0.0015 | 0.772 (0.629, 0.948) | 0.0133 | 0.587 (0.439, 0.784) | 0.0003 | 0.605 (0.475, 0.772) | 0.0001 |
| English | 0.926 (0.761, 1.126) | 0.4413 | 0.715 (0.546, 0.937) | 0.015 | 0.802 (0.557, 1.155) | 0.2362 | 1.125 (0.783, 1.617) | 0.5233 |
| White | 0.773 (0.647, 0.925) | 0.0049 | 1.147 (0.885, 1.487) | 0.3006 | 0.701 (0.497, 0.987) | 0.042 | 1.244 (0.888, 1.745) | 0.2045 |
| Partnered | 0.817 (0.712, 0.937) | 0.0039 | 0.909 (0.744, 1.111) | 0.3523 | 1.228 (0.927, 1.628) | 0.1528 | 0.941 (0.742, 1.194) | 0.6181 |
| Median Household Income By $1000 | 0.995 (0.992, 0.998) | 0.0017 | 0.986 (0.981, 0.991) | < .0001 | 0.995 (0.988, 1.001) | 0.0948 | 0.997 (0.993, 1.002) | 0.2331 |
| Commercial Insurance | 0.774 (0.67, 0.894) | 0.0005 | 0.643 (0.519, 0.797) | 0.0001 | 0.622 (0.463, 0.837) | 0.0017 | 0.562 (0.425, 0.742) | 0.0001 |
| History of smoking | 1.057 (0.922, 1.212) | 0.4251 | 1.155 (0.945, 1.413) | 0.1587 | 1.059 (0.802, 1.399) | 0.686 | 1.173 (0.925, 1.489) | 0.188 |
| HbA1c | 1.111 (1.046, 1.18) | 0.0007 | 1.035 (0.959, 1.118) | 0.3773 | 1.084 (0.979, 1.201) | 0.1195 | 1.185 (1.07, 1.313) | 0.0012 |
| BMI by 10 kg/m2 | 1.223 (1.097, 1.363) | 0.0003 | 1.246 (1.07, 1.451) | 0.0047 | 1.845 (1.527, 2.231) | < .0001 | 0.905 (0.736, 1.113) | 0.3437 |
| SBP by 10 mm Hg | 0.981 (0.938, 1.027) | 0.4139 | 0.971 (0.909, 1.037) | 0.3732 | 1.044 (0.955, 1.142) | 0.3454 | 0.893 (0.828, 0.963) | 0.0033 |
| DBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.014 (0.934, 1.101) | 0.7437 | 1.067 (0.946, 1.203) | 0.2918 | 0.914 (0.775, 1.078) | 0.2865 | 1.03 (0.895, 1.186) | 0.6791 |
| LDL by 10 mg/dL | 1.022 (1.001, 1.043) | 0.04 | 1.045 (1.015, 1.076) | 0.0027 | 1.034 (0.993, 1.077) | 0.1079 | 0.988 (0.95, 1.028) | 0.5456 |
| eGFR1 | 0.627 (0.535, 0.734) | < .0001 | 0.73 (0.589, 0.905) | 0.0041 | 0.853 (0.632, 1.15) | 0.2973 | 0.628 (0.497, 0.793) | 0.0001 |
| Proteinuria | 1.727 (1.476, 2.019) | < .0001 | 1.788 (1.434, 2.229) | < .0001 | 2.005 (1.488, 2.702) | < .0001 | 1.422 (1.107, 1.827) | 0.0059 |
| CCI | 1.067 (1.039, 1.097) | < .0001 | 1.068 (1.027, 1.111) | 0.0011 | 1.081 (1.022, 1.143) | 0.0068 | 1.123 (1.076, 1.172) | < .0001 |
| ASCVD | 1.024 (0.879, 1.193) | 0.7572 | 1.062 (0.849, 1.328) | 0.5971 | 1.028 (0.752, 1.405) | 0.8629 | 1.295 (1.016, 1.651) | 0.0366 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 1.7 (1.293, 2.237) | 0.0001 | 1.349 (0.906, 2.008) | 0.1404 | 1.88 (1.14, 3.099) | 0.0134 | 1.55 (1.002, 2.397) | 0.0489 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.966 (0.786, 1.187) | 0.7403 | 1.315 (0.988, 1.751) | 0.0609 | 1.042 (0.698, 1.554) | 0.8421 | 1.438 (1.041, 1.985) | 0.0273 |
| Dementia | 1.228 (0.81, 1.863) | 0.3329 | 1.159 (0.631, 2.128) | 0.6349 | 0.538 (0.167, 1.739) | 0.3007 | 1.173 (0.677, 2.032) | 0.5698 |
| Psychotic Disorders | 1.856 (1.107, 3.112) | 0.0191 | 1.672 (0.85, 3.287) | 0.1362 | 1.544 (0.596, 4.003) | 0.3712 | 2.731 (1.235, 6.037) | 0.0131 |
| Season2 | ||||||||
| Spring 2020 | 1.367 (1.17, 1.598) | 0.0001 | 1.517 (1.214, 1.895) | 0.0002 | 1.743 (1.296, 2.345) | 0.0002 | 2.992 (2.334, 3.835) | < .0001 |
| Summer 2020 | 0.876 (0.614, 1.249) | 0.4639 | 0.908 (0.531, 1.55) | 0.7229 | 0.708 (0.305, 1.645) | 0.4221 | 1.211 (0.666, 2.201) | 0.5309 |
| Fall 2020 | 1.128 (0.927, 1.372) | 0.2284 | 1.201 (0.9, 1.601) | 0.2133 | 0.848 (0.542, 1.326) | 0.469 | 1.137 (0.775, 1.667) | 0.5112 |
| Spring 2021 | 1.053 (0.716, 1.549) | 0.7925 | 1.323 (0.777, 2.251) | 0.3021 | 1.01 (0.457, 2.232) | 0.9802 | 0.862 (0.382, 1.945) | 0.7199 |
| b. Patients with Current or Past RAASi use | ||||||||
| Hospitalization | ICU admission | Intubation | Death | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Current statin use | 0.825 (0.702, 0.968) | 0.0186 | 1.002 (0.786, 1.277) | 0.9872 | 0.966 (0.696, 1.342) | 0.8387 | 0.791 (0.592, 1.057) | 0.1129 |
| Current RAASi use | 1.069 (0.873, 1.31) | 0.5166 | 0.983 (0.728, 1.327) | 0.9106 | 1.062 (0.693, 1.628) | 0.7826 | 0.862 (0.63, 1.18) | 0.3543 |
| Current aspirin use | 1.182 (0.968, 1.443) | 0.1012 | 1.007 (0.748, 1.354) | 0.9656 | 0.923 (0.612, 1.391) | 0.7008 | 1.156 (0.815, 1.638) | 0.4161 |
| Current metformin use | 1.213 (0.983, 1.497) | 0.0724 | 1.282 (0.949, 1.731) | 0.106 | 1.385 (0.93, 2.064) | 0.1093 | 0.684 (0.458, 1.022) | 0.0636 |
| Age | 1.038 (1.03, 1.045) | < .0001 | 1.033 (1.022, 1.045) | < .0001 | 1.018 (1.003, 1.034) | 0.0208 | 1.071 (1.056, 1.087) | < .0001 |
| Female | 0.807 (0.695, 0.938) | 0.0053 | 0.666 (0.53, 0.836) | 0.0005 | 0.597 (0.438, 0.816) | 0.0012 | 0.616 (0.466, 0.813) | 0.0006 |
| English | 0.982 (0.801, 1.205) | 0.8641 | 0.847 (0.632, 1.135) | 0.2652 | 1.02 (0.684, 1.522) | 0.923 | 1.329 (0.889, 1.987) | 0.1657 |
| White | 0.8 (0.665, 0.962) | 0.0177 | 1.019 (0.774, 1.342) | 0.8925 | 0.728 (0.508, 1.044) | 0.0844 | 1.186 (0.827, 1.703) | 0.354 |
| Partnered | 0.876 (0.757, 1.015) | 0.0777 | 0.986 (0.791, 1.23) | 0.9032 | 1.241 (0.917, 1.678) | 0.1617 | 0.868 (0.663, 1.137) | 0.3056 |
| Median Household Income By $1000 | 0.995 (0.992, 0.998) | 0.0015 | 0.987 (0.982, 0.992) | < .0001 | 0.993 (0.986, 1) | 0.0421 | 0.997 (0.991, 1.002) | 0.2052 |
| Commercial Insurance | 0.776 (0.666, 0.904) | 0.0011 | 0.828 (0.659, 1.041) | 0.1061 | 0.802 (0.589, 1.092) | 0.162 | 0.642 (0.473, 0.871) | 0.0043 |
| History of smoking | 1.031 (0.89, 1.193) | 0.685 | 1.066 (0.854, 1.33) | 0.5726 | 0.965 (0.714, 1.306) | 0.8182 | 1.186 (0.908, 1.55) | 0.2114 |
| HbA1c | 1.131 (1.064, 1.202) | 0.0001 | 1.09 (1.004, 1.183) | 0.0398 | 1.164 (1.052, 1.288) | 0.0034 | 1.177 (1.046, 1.323) | 0.0069 |
| BMI by 10 kg/m2 | 1.325 (1.19, 1.476) | < .0001 | 1.326 (1.129, 1.557) | 0.0006 | 1.859 (1.53, 2.259) | < .0001 | 0.987 (0.793, 1.229) | 0.9102 |
| SBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.016 (0.97, 1.065) | 0.4973 | 0.979 (0.914, 1.05) | 0.5574 | 1.063 (0.969, 1.165) | 0.1939 | 0.922 (0.848, 1.002) | 0.0561 |
| DBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.039 (0.954, 1.132) | 0.3776 | 1.212 (1.066, 1.377) | 0.0032 | 1.05 (0.886, 1.245) | 0.5741 | 0.928 (0.795, 1.083) | 0.3421 |
| LDL by 10 mg/dL | 1.008 (0.986, 1.031) | 0.4702 | 1.04 (1.007, 1.074) | 0.0185 | 1.042 (0.997, 1.089) | 0.0653 | 1.008 (0.965, 1.053) | 0.7204 |
| eGFR1 | 0.657 (0.551, 0.784) | < .0001 | 0.686 (0.535, 0.878) | 0.0028 | 0.791 (0.566, 1.105) | 0.1688 | 0.514 (0.395, 0.67) | < .0001 |
| Proteinuria | 2.094 (1.782, 2.462) | < .0001 | 1.789 (1.412, 2.268) | < .0001 | 2.185 (1.601, 2.981) | < .0001 | 1.593 (1.203, 2.109) | 0.0011 |
| CCI | 1.059 (1.028, 1.091) | 0.0001 | 1.086 (1.039, 1.136) | 0.0003 | 1.126 (1.057, 1.2) | 0.0002 | 1.097 (1.044, 1.152) | 0.0003 |
| ASCVD | 0.962 (0.809, 1.144) | 0.6608 | 0.927 (0.716, 1.201) | 0.5675 | 0.973 (0.68, 1.392) | 0.8804 | 1.098 (0.829, 1.455) | 0.5149 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 1.698 (1.234, 2.337) | 0.0012 | 1.74 (1.128, 2.682) | 0.0122 | 1.88 (1.072, 3.296) | 0.0275 | 2.164 (1.333, 3.512) | 0.0018 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.961 (0.772, 1.196) | 0.7216 | 1.289 (0.939, 1.77) | 0.1162 | 1.059 (0.684, 1.639) | 0.7987 | 1.216 (0.842, 1.758) | 0.2976 |
| Dementia | 0.91 (0.54, 1.531) | 0.7213 | 0.6 (0.236, 1.53) | 0.285 | 0 (0,.) | 0.979 | 0.997 (0.489, 2.032) | 0.9927 |
| Psychotic Disorders | 1.599 (0.821, 3.113) | 0.1672 | 2.121 (0.914, 4.921) | 0.0799 | 1.633 (0.485, 5.495) | 0.4284 | 2.541 (0.859, 7.514) | 0.0919 |
| Season2 | ||||||||
| Spring 2020 | 1.429 (1.209, 1.689) | < .0001 | 1.812 (1.422, 2.311) | < .0001 | 2.154 (1.562, 2.97) | < .0001 | 2.858 (2.152, 3.796) | < .0001 |
| Summer 2020 | 0.969 (0.654, 1.436) | 0.8754 | 1.012 (0.547, 1.872) | 0.9704 | 0.846 (0.335, 2.135) | 0.7232 | 2.028 (1.088, 3.781) | 0.0261 |
| Fall 2020 | 1.311 (1.071, 1.604) | 0.0087 | 1.333 (0.977, 1.817) | 0.0696 | 1.058 (0.667, 1.676) | 0.8116 | 1.174 (0.773, 1.784) | 0.452 |
| Spring 2021 | 1.225 (0.83, 1.809) | 0.307 | 1.176 (0.644, 2.149) | 0.5975 | 1.619 (0.786, 3.336) | 0.1916 | 0.884 (0.367, 2.132) | 0.7837 |
| c. Patients with Current or Past Aspirin Use | ||||||||
| Hospitalization | ICU admission | Intubation | Death | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Current statin use | 0.927 (0.716, 1.201) | 0.5671 | 0.9 (0.619, 1.31) | 0.583 | 0.979 (0.567, 1.692) | 0.9403 | 0.643 (0.429, 0.963) | 0.0321 |
| Current RAASi use | 0.866 (0.682, 1.099) | 0.2358 | 0.814 (0.576, 1.15) | 0.243 | 0.821 (0.499, 1.352) | 0.4391 | 0.735 (0.495, 1.092) | 0.1273 |
| Current aspirin use | 1.304 (0.987, 1.723) | 0.0613 | 1.185 (0.785, 1.788) | 0.4188 | 0.986 (0.54, 1.8) | 0.9635 | 1.229 (0.779, 1.938) | 0.3757 |
| Current metformin use | 1.055 (0.76, 1.464) | 0.7505 | 1.01 (0.638, 1.6) | 0.9646 | 1.308 (0.701, 2.44) | 0.3983 | 1.149 (0.652, 2.024) | 0.6306 |
| Age | 1.03 (1.02, 1.041) | < .0001 | 1.014 (0.999, 1.029) | 0.0719 | 1.022 (0.999, 1.044) | 0.0582 | 1.082 (1.061, 1.102) | < .0001 |
| Female | 0.703 (0.556, 0.889) | 0.0032 | 0.704 (0.503, 0.986) | 0.0413 | 0.43 (0.26, 0.712) | 0.001 | 0.666 (0.453, 0.98) | 0.039 |
| English | 0.944 (0.709, 1.256) | 0.6929 | 0.698 (0.462, 1.056) | 0.089 | 1.104 (0.616, 1.98) | 0.7396 | 1.068 (0.645, 1.769) | 0.7971 |
| White | 0.973 (0.735, 1.287) | 0.8474 | 1.863 (1.235, 2.81) | 0.003 | 0.791 (0.444, 1.407) | 0.4244 | 1.732 (1.052, 2.85) | 0.0308 |
| Partnered | 0.733 (0.581, 0.924) | 0.0087 | 0.924 (0.662, 1.288) | 0.6394 | 1.37 (0.852, 2.204) | 0.1938 | 0.785 (0.529, 1.163) | 0.2267 |
| Median Household Income By $1000 | 0.987 (0.982, 0.992) | < .0001 | 0.984 (0.976, 0.992) | 0.0001 | 0.991 (0.981, 1.003) | 0.1299 | 0.993 (0.986, 1.001) | 0.0675 |
| Commercial Insurance | 0.746 (0.589, 0.946) | 0.0153 | 0.65 (0.456, 0.925) | 0.0167 | 0.581 (0.345, 0.978) | 0.0408 | 0.594 (0.388, 0.91) | 0.0167 |
| History of smoking | 1.157 (0.922, 1.452) | 0.208 | 1.248 (0.896, 1.737) | 0.1895 | 1.12 (0.694, 1.807) | 0.6418 | 1.011 (0.699, 1.463) | 0.9525 |
| HbA1c | 1.056 (0.965, 1.155) | 0.2355 | 1.011 (0.89, 1.149) | 0.8686 | 0.997 (0.84, 1.182) | 0.9694 | 1.039 (0.875, 1.233) | 0.6612 |
| BMI by 10 kg/m2 | 1.251 (1.059, 1.478) | 0.0085 | 1.222 (0.967, 1.543) | 0.0932 | 1.772 (1.304, 2.406) | 0.0003 | 0.942 (0.699, 1.271) | 0.6973 |
| SBP by 10 mm Hg | 0.94 (0.871, 1.014) | 0.1109 | 0.958 (0.857, 1.07) | 0.442 | 0.973 (0.832, 1.137) | 0.7275 | 0.89 (0.789, 1.003) | 0.0568 |
| DBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.067 (0.931, 1.223) | 0.3508 | 1.198 (0.985, 1.457) | 0.0702 | 0.937 (0.702, 1.25) | 0.6579 | 0.98 (0.783, 1.227) | 0.863 |
| LDL by 10 mg/dL | 1.016 (0.982, 1.052) | 0.3553 | 1.033 (0.982, 1.086) | 0.2054 | 1.054 (0.982, 1.131) | 0.1427 | 0.987 (0.93, 1.047) | 0.6603 |
| eGFR1 | 0.714 (0.564, 0.903) | 0.005 | 0.727 (0.53, 0.997) | 0.048 | 0.663 (0.431, 1.02) | 0.0615 | 0.644 (0.454, 0.912) | 0.0133 |
| Proteinuria | 1.613 (1.249, 2.085) | 0.0003 | 1.378 (0.949, 2.001) | 0.092 | 1.452 (0.856, 2.466) | 0.1669 | 1.641 (1.111, 2.424) | 0.0128 |
| CCI | 1.049 (1.003, 1.098) | 0.0367 | 1.044 (0.977, 1.116) | 0.1991 | 1.005 (0.913, 1.107) | 0.9185 | 1.059 (0.99, 1.131) | 0.0932 |
| ASCVD | 0.987 (0.772, 1.262) | 0.9159 | 1.252 (0.878, 1.785) | 0.2152 | 1.119 (0.675, 1.856) | 0.6634 | 1.472 (1.003, 2.16) | 0.048 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 1.877 (1.223, 2.881) | 0.004 | 1.596 (0.901, 2.825) | 0.1088 | 2.181 (1.036, 4.592) | 0.04 | 1.157 (0.547, 2.444) | 0.703 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 1.206 (0.867, 1.679) | 0.2663 | 1.718 (1.077, 2.742) | 0.0232 | 1.985 (1.019, 3.866) | 0.0437 | 1.156 (0.676, 1.978) | 0.5961 |
| Dementia | 1.235 (0.669, 2.279) | 0.5003 | 0.786 (0.271, 2.284) | 0.6587 | 0.495 (0.065, 3.755) | 0.4964 | 0.237 (0.068, 0.822) | 0.0232 |
| Psychotic Disorders | 0.969 (0.432, 2.169) | 0.9381 | 0.894 (0.259, 3.084) | 0.8588 | 1.85 (0.512, 6.683) | 0.3476 | 2.409 (0.723, 8.026) | 0.1522 |
| Season2 | ||||||||
| Spring 2020 | 1.059 (0.826, 1.358) | 0.6519 | 0.917 (0.635, 1.323) | 0.6415 | 1.119 (0.679, 1.846) | 0.6584 | 2.069 (1.398, 3.064) | 0.0003 |
| Summer 2020 | 0.637 (0.357, 1.137) | 0.1273 | 0.663 (0.276, 1.593) | 0.3579 | 0.88 (0.295, 2.622) | 0.8184 | 2.256 (1.035, 4.916) | 0.0407 |
| Fall 2020 | 0.975 (0.695, 1.367) | 0.8835 | 1.063 (0.66, 1.71) | 0.8021 | 0.598 (0.26, 1.376) | 0.2264 | 1.351 (0.731, 2.497) | 0.3373 |
| Spring 2021 | 1.01 (0.557, 1.834) | 0.9732 | 1.148 (0.499, 2.641) | 0.7463 | 0.355 (0.047, 2.652) | 0.3128 | 0.523 (0.116, 2.358) | 0.3989 |
| d. Patients with Current or Past Metformin Use | ||||||||
| Hospitalization | ICU admission | Intubation | Death | |||||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Current statin use | 0.802 (0.631, 1.02) | 0.0716 | 0.941 (0.668, 1.326) | 0.7295 | 1.059 (0.674, 1.665) | 0.8028 | 0.982 (0.571, 1.689) | 0.9475 |
| Current RAASi use | 1.013 (0.813, 1.263) | 0.9061 | 1.076 (0.787, 1.473) | 0.6449 | 1.337 (0.88, 2.031) | 0.1739 | 0.652 (0.412, 1.031) | 0.0675 |
| Current aspirin use | 1.38 (1.061, 1.795) | 0.0162 | 1.03 (0.708, 1.499) | 0.8784 | 1.211 (0.747, 1.963) | 0.4377 | 1.656 (0.989, 2.772) | 0.0552 |
| Current metformin use | 0.799 (0.55, 1.16) | 0.2382 | 0.597 (0.369, 0.967) | 0.0361 | 0.661 (0.345, 1.267) | 0.2124 | 0.577 (0.296, 1.121) | 0.1047 |
| Age | 1.042 (1.03, 1.054) | < .0001 | 1.039 (1.022, 1.056) | < .0001 | 1.035 (1.012, 1.057) | 0.0024 | 1.078 (1.049, 1.108) | < .0001 |
| Female | 0.749 (0.603, 0.93) | 0.0089 | 0.693 (0.508, 0.945) | 0.0204 | 0.508 (0.338, 0.764) | 0.0011 | 0.657 (0.406, 1.063) | 0.0869 |
| English | 1.001 (0.765, 1.31) | 0.9935 | 0.853 (0.588, 1.239) | 0.4049 | 0.778 (0.473, 1.279) | 0.322 | 0.981 (0.532, 1.808) | 0.9514 |
| White | 0.895 (0.695, 1.153) | 0.3908 | 0.925 (0.642, 1.332) | 0.6738 | 0.768 (0.478, 1.236) | 0.277 | 0.993 (0.549, 1.795) | 0.9814 |
| Partnered | 0.879 (0.712, 1.085) | 0.23 | 0.852 (0.631, 1.15) | 0.2954 | 1.207 (0.814, 1.79) | 0.35 | 1.282 (0.804, 2.043) | 0.2974 |
| Median Household Income By $1000 | 0.996 (0.991, 1.001) | 0.1125 | 0.99 (0.983, 0.998) | 0.0119 | 1.003 (0.994, 1.012) | 0.5758 | 1.012 (1.002, 1.022) | 0.0137 |
| Commercial Insurance | 0.878 (0.711, 1.085) | 0.2297 | 0.942 (0.697, 1.274) | 0.7 | 0.867 (0.583, 1.289) | 0.4818 | 0.573 (0.345, 0.951) | 0.0312 |
| History of smoking | 1.031 (0.832, 1.278) | 0.7771 | 1.308 (0.961, 1.779) | 0.0881 | 1.25 (0.834, 1.873) | 0.2803 | 1.285 (0.801, 2.062) | 0.2983 |
| HbA1c | 1.131 (1.063, 1.203) | 0.0001 | 1.082 (0.992, 1.181) | 0.0759 | 1.175 (1.055, 1.309) | 0.0033 | 1.234 (1.074, 1.419) | 0.0031 |
| BMI by 10 kg/m2 | 1.295 (1.112, 1.508) | 0.0009 | 1.239 (0.999, 1.536) | 0.0515 | 1.927 (1.499, 2.478) | < .0001 | 1.385 (0.992, 1.935) | 0.0557 |
| SBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.002 (0.932, 1.078) | 0.954 | 0.96 (0.867, 1.064) | 0.4353 | 0.967 (0.845, 1.106) | 0.6228 | 0.854 (0.727, 1.002) | 0.0531 |
| DBP by 10 mm Hg | 1.041 (0.916, 1.184) | 0.5359 | 1.166 (0.973, 1.397) | 0.0969 | 1.198 (0.948, 1.512) | 0.1296 | 1.322 (1.004, 1.74) | 0.0466 |
| LDL by 10 mg/dL | 1.054 (1.022, 1.087) | 0.0007 | 1.065 (1.022, 1.111) | 0.003 | 1.076 (1.02, 1.135) | 0.007 | 0.984 (0.912, 1.062) | 0.682 |
| eGFR1 | 0.794 (0.569, 1.108) | 0.1741 | 0.962 (0.619, 1.497) | 0.8653 | 1.18 (0.637, 2.188) | 0.5989 | 0.7 (0.394, 1.246) | 0.2254 |
| Proteinuria | 1.725 (1.372, 2.169) | < .0001 | 2.418 (1.785, 3.277) | < .0001 | 2.318 (1.568, 3.429) | < .0001 | 1.924 (1.228, 3.013) | 0.0043 |
| CCI | 1.041 (0.994, 1.09) | 0.091 | 1.058 (0.992, 1.128) | 0.0886 | 1.146 (1.051, 1.248) | 0.0019 | 1.187 (1.086, 1.297) | 0.0002 |
| ASCVD | 1.018 (0.784, 1.322) | 0.8942 | 1.146 (0.801, 1.641) | 0.4563 | 1.101 (0.688, 1.761) | 0.689 | 0.955 (0.591, 1.544) | 0.8501 |
| Chronic Lung Disease | 1.228 (0.75, 2.011) | 0.4152 | 1.02 (0.502, 2.071) | 0.9559 | 1.732 (0.808, 3.711) | 0.158 | 1.316 (0.495, 3.496) | 0.5819 |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.815 (0.557, 1.193) | 0.2926 | 0.868 (0.497, 1.515) | 0.6188 | 0.573 (0.289, 1.135) | 0.1102 | 1.062 (0.347, 3.25) | 0.9159 |
| Dementia | 0.674 (0.261, 1.737) | 0.4139 | 0.798 (0.226, 2.818) | 0.7262 | 0 (0,.) | 0.9782 | 0.363 (0.043, 3.073) | 0.3522 |
| Psychotic Disorders | 1.98 (0.958, 4.092) | 0.0653 | 1.974 (0.774, 5.037) | 0.1548 | 1.733 (0.497, 6.049) | 0.3883 | 3.921 (1.206, 12.747) | 0.0231 |
| Season2 | ||||||||
| Spring 2020 | 1.462 (1.155, 1.852) | 0.0016 | 1.916 (1.378, 2.663) | 0.0001 | 2.09 (1.382, 3.16) | 0.0005 | 2.839 (1.742, 4.627) | < .0001 |
| Summer 2020 | 0.826 (0.474, 1.441) | 0.5017 | 0.967 (0.425, 2.197) | 0.9355 | 0.698 (0.209, 2.334) | 0.5599 | 2.133 (0.795, 5.724) | 0.1324 |
| Fall 2020 | 1.218 (0.905, 1.638) | 0.193 | 1.49 (0.974, 2.279) | 0.0658 | 0.935 (0.503, 1.737) | 0.8305 | 1.144 (0.549, 2.383) | 0.7188 |
| Spring 2021 | 1.109 (0.626, 1.963) | 0.7234 | 1.675 (0.782, 3.59) | 0.1846 | 1.003 (0.335, 3.001) | 0.9954 | 0.684 (0.147, 3.186) | 0.6282 |
1eGFR was log transformed to reduce data skewness
2Winter 2020–21 served as the reference
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAASi, renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitor; SBP, systolic blood pressure