Figure 5.

NDUFA4 is associated with DENV and SARS-CoV-2 infection

(A and B) Representative confocal images (A) and the quantification (B) of DENV NS3 staining in ZIKV-infected WT or NDUFA4^−/− hiPSCs at 72 hpi (DENV, MOI = 1). Scale bar, 50 μm.

(C and D) Representative confocal images (C) and the quantification (D) of DENV NS3 staining in hiPSCs carrying risk (G/G; C/C) or non-risk (T/T; T/T) alleles at 72 hpi (DENV, MOI = 1). Scale bar, 50 μm.

(E and F) Representative confocal images (E) and the quantification (F) of DENV NS3 staining in DENV-infected WT_Δ or NDUFA4^Δ hiPSCs at 72 hpi (DENV, MOI = 1). Scale bar, 50 μm.

(G and H) Representative confocal images (G) and the quantification (H) of DENV NS3 staining in DENV-infected permissive cell lines iPSC #1, iPSC #41, and iPSC #57 or low-permissive cell lines iPSC #15, iPSC #17, and iPSC #19 at 72 hpi (DENV, MOI = 1). Scale bar, 50 μm.

(I and J) Representative confocal images (I) and the quantification (J) of SARS-N in FOXJ1⁺ ciliated cells in airway organoids derived from WT or NDUFA4^−/− hiPSCs at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.1).

(K) Relative expression of viral subgenomic RNA (N) transcription in SARS-CoV-2-infected airway organoids derived from WT or NDUFA4^−/− hiPSCs at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.1). The value was normalized to ACTB.

(L) Viral titers of SARS-CoV-2 infected airway organoids derived from WT or NDUFA4^−/− hiPSCs at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.05).

(M and N) Representative confocal images (M) and the quantification (N) of SARS-N in FOXJ1⁺ ciliated cells in airway organoids derived from permissive cell lines iPSC #1, iPSC #41, or iPSC #57 and low-permissive cell lines iPSC #15, iPSC #17, and iPSC #19 at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.1).

(O) Relative expression level of viral subgenomic RNA (N) transcripts in SARS-CoV-2-infected airway organoids derived from permissive cell lines iPSC #1, iPSC #41, and iPSC #57 or low-permissive cell lines: iPSC #15, iPSC #17, and iPSC #19 at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.1). The value was normalized to ACTB.

(P) Viral titers of SARS-CoV-2-infected airway organoids derived from permissive cell lines iPSC #1, iPSC #41, and iPSC #57 or low-permissive cell lines iPSC #15, iPSC #17, and iPSC #19 at 24 hpi (SARS-CoV-2, MOI = 0.05).

Data are representative of at least three independent experiments. Data are shown as mean ± SD. For permissive and low-permissive cell lines, p values were calculated by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test. For other figure panels, p values were calculated by two-way ANOVA analysis; ^∗∗p < 0.01, and ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. See also Figure S5.